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KMK Practice Tests > test 4 > Flashcards

test 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Only type of bacterial conjunctivitis associated with pseudomembranes

A

Neisseria Gonnorhhoeae (gram neg)

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2
Q

% of patients who get angle recession after hyphema

A

60%

This is why you should perform gonioscopy after the hyphema has resolved

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3
Q

Because of the near triad, esotropia could be due to

A

Hyperopia or over accommodating

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4
Q

Broca-Sulzer effect

A

Light with an intensity above threshold will appear brightest if the duration is 50=100msec.

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5
Q

Fencher’s Law

A

Assumes that Weber’s law will hold true for stimuli above a given brightness threshold.

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6
Q

Point focal lenses completely correct for what type of aberration

A

Radial astigmatism

Point focal correct radial astig at the cost of offering no correction for curvature of field

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7
Q

Percival form lenses completely correct for what type of aberration

A

Curvature of field without offering any correction for radial astigmatism.

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8
Q

Orthoscopic doublet lenses

A

Minimize the effects of chromatic aberration.

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9
Q

How to find the ideal index of an anti-glare coating for a polycarbonate lens

A

Square root of polycarbonate index: 1.586

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10
Q

What fat soluble vitamin is least toxic

A

E

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11
Q

does a chemical burn result in decreased or increased IOP

A

Increased

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12
Q

Angle lambda

A

the angle between the pupillary axis and the line of sight. Usually 0.5mm nasal to the center of the pupil.

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13
Q

a 1mm shift in corneal reflex corresponds to how many pd

A

22

Temporal = eso 
nasal = exo
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14
Q

Is brinzolamide a suspension

A

yes, must shake

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15
Q

Do oral steroids increase or decrease BP

A

Increase

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16
Q

What is the aperture stop in a telescope

A

Objective lens

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17
Q

What causes RCE

A

Malformation or loss of hemidesmosomes between the basal layer of the K epi and BM.

Could also be due to increase in thickness of BM or age

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18
Q

What 3 things are attached to the scleral spur

A

Corneoscleral meshwork

Longitudinal and radial muscle fibers of the ciliary muscle

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19
Q

Only test that measures associated phoria

A

Fixation disparity

Very small misalignment of the eyes that allows for single binocular vision

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20
Q

Parks 3 step

A
  1. Which eye is hyper
  2. Worse with what gaze
  3. Worse with what tilt
21
Q

When does stereo develop

A

6 months

22
Q

AREDS 1

A

ACE !

Vitamin A / Beta carotene- 15mg 
Vitamin C- 500mg
Vitamin E- 400 UI 
80mg zinc 
2mg copper
23
Q

IgG

A

Most common antibody found in circulation

Only Ab that can cross placenta

24
Q

Pyramidal pathway

A

Begins in the motor cortex in the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe.

Provide motor innervation to the distal muscles through the lateral corticospinal tract and proximal muscles through the anterior corticospinal tract

25
Q

What can be used to produce ketone bodies during starving conditions

A

Acetyl CoA can either go to TCA cycle or to form ketone bodies as an alternative source

26
Q

What arteries form the minor circle of the iris

A

Formed by a remnant of the embryological development

27
Q

How does cyclopentolate treat anterior uveitis

A
  1. Cyclo immobilizes the inflamed iris–> reduced pain
  2. Mydriasis prevents PS
  3. Vasoconstriction stabilizes the BAB
28
Q

Which system has better absolute sensitivity?

A

scotopic has better ability to detect dim lights.

29
Q

Why does a vitamin C deficiency result in scurvy

A

Scurvy= defective collagen synthesis and weak CT

Vitamin C is an essential cofactor to convert pro collagen to collagen.

30
Q

CN most likely to be damaged from trauma

A

4 bc thinnest and longest

31
Q

What age range does the VA of a child approach adult

A

3-4 years

32
Q

Which type of muscle contains multinucleated cells

A

Skeletal

33
Q

The inner layer of the optic cup gives rise to

A

Iris posterior pigmented epi, NPCE, neural retina

34
Q

The outer layer of the optic cup gives rise to the

A

RPE

35
Q

What causes Descemet’s folds?

A

Corneal stromal edema

  • IK
  • early post op cataracts
36
Q

Distance for FT 28 and FT 35

A

28 is 5mm

35 is 3.5 mm

37
Q

Respiratory acidosis is caused by

A

Hypoventilation –> increase in Co2 –> Acidic blood/decrease in PH

38
Q

Another name for whorl keratopathy

A

Corneal Verticillata

39
Q

Collateral vessels are most commonly observed with what condition

A

retinal vein occlusions

Others: advanced glaucoma, ON tumors

40
Q

2 broad causative mechanisms of dry eye

A

Tear hyperosmolarity

Tear instability

41
Q

How to calculate convergence demand

A

Pd in cm x accommodative demand in diopters

42
Q

What wavelengths do rods and cones maximally absorb?

A

Rods- 507
Cyanolabe (blue) - 426
Chlorolabe (green) - 530
Erythrolabe (red) 557

43
Q

4 uses for Nd: YAG

A

SLT
LPI
Cyclodestruction of the CB
Posterior capsuloptomy

44
Q

3 uses for argon laser

A

ALT
PRP
Barrier laser treatment for retinal holes

45
Q

What delays wound healing

A 
DM 
Infection 
Tissue ischemia 
Malnutrition 
Cortisol/stress
Decreased platelet aggregation
46
Q

Keratocytes

A

Fibroblasts within the cornea that produce collagen and extracellular matrix

47
Q

Which 3 structures in the eye store glycogen

A

Muller cells
K epi cells
Vitreous

48
Q

What are the best ways to measure VA in infants/children?

A

Preferential looking

  • Broken wheel cards
  • TAC

KMK Practice Tests (5 decks)

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