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KMK Practice Tests > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following columns in the OD histogram is driven equally by input from the right and left eyes? What about the other columns

A 
1- Contra eye 
2-Both, but not equal
3- Both, but not equal 
4- Equal input 
5- both but not equal 
6- both but not equal
7- ipsi
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2
Q

Co2 can be transported from tissues to the lungs through which methods

A

Bicarb 95%
Bound to hemoglobin as carbaminohemoglobin 5%
dissolved in blood plasma 5%

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3
Q

Most common cause of posterior uveitis

A

Toxoplasmosis
-Most often congenital via transplacental transmission. Could also be acquired by inhaling a parasite in cat feces or by eating undercooked meat.

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4
Q

Medication prescribed for Tb that is most likely to cause retrobulbar Optic neuritis

A

Ethambutol

Most often reversible, but may take months.

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5
Q

image jump is based on what

A

Add power and distance from the top of the segment to the near OC

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6
Q

scotopic system

A

Greater sensitivity for visual stimuli (more spatial summation) but poor visual acuity due to larger pixels for spatial summation.

Spatial summation means that all visual input within a given space pixel is summed together by the visual cortex.

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7
Q

Thimerosal is the preservative in

A

Trifluridine

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8
Q

Which preservative is prescribed to chelate calcium in patients with band keratopathy

A

EDTA

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9
Q

Bucket 2 of pharm

A

Anti-cholinergic
1st gen antihisamines (PHEN)
Anti psychotics (Phenothiazine)
Antidepressants (TCA, MAOIs)

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10
Q

Slab off

A

Add base up to the more minus lens.

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11
Q

Most common site of metastases for a choroidal, conj, or iris melanoma

A

Liver

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12
Q

Which corneal stromal dystrophies are related to a mutation in the TGFB1 gene?

A

Granular, lattice, avellino

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13
Q

Min blank size formula

A

M = ED + 2d + 2mm

d= decentration per lens
Frame pd - pt pd / 2

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14
Q

VOR

A

Obtains image on the fovea during short head movements

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15
Q

Tritanopia

A

Missing cyanolabe

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16
Q

Protanopia

A

Missing erythrolabe

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17
Q

Deuteranopia

A

Missing chlorolabe pigment

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18
Q

There are no __ cones or rods within the central one degree of the foveola

A

Blue

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19
Q

Risk factors for bulls eye maculopathy

A 
Treatment for 5+ years 
Liver disease
Kidney disease 
60+ years old 
High body fat 
Concomitant retinal disease 
Dosage 5+ mg/kg/day based on real body weight
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20
Q

Distortion

A

Different magnitudes of magnification for different object points away from the optical axis.

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21
Q

angle of anomaly equals what in HRC

A

Angle of anomaly = objective deviation

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22
Q

angle of anomaly equals what in unharmonious ARC

A

Greater than zero, but less than the objective deviation.

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23
Q

angle of anomaly equals what in paradoxical ARC

A

angle of anomaly is greater than the objective angle of deviation

24
Q

3 examples of granulomatous inflammation

A

Sarcoid
TB
syphilis

25
Q

Examples of extrinsic and intrinsic evaporative dry eye disease

A

Extrinsic- independent of lid pathology. Vitamin A deficiency, preservatives, CL wear.

Intrinsic- due to lid pathology. MGD, proptosis, decreased blink rate.

26
Q

Which drug can cause secondary angle closure by causing choroidal swelling

A

Topiramate/Topamax

Moves iris forward –> angles narrows.

27
Q

Type of herpes simplex stromal keratitis with direct invasion of the virus into the K stroma?

What is IK, disci form, and dendritic

A

Necrotizing- rare. Severe inflammation and necrosis –> thinning and perforation.;

IK is due to an antigen-antibody complement cascade against a virus or viral antigen.

Disciform keratitis is due to an immune response in the K endothelial cells. Poor pumping –> edema

Dendritic is most common

28
Q

Molluscum contagiosa

  • What is it
  • Demographics
A

DNA pox virus
Single or multiple waxy nodules, umbilicate.

Immunocomp (HIV) or children

29
Q

Latent nystagmus

A

Pathological nystagmus when one eye is occluded. Associated with essential infantile esotropia and amblyopia.

30
Q

Accommodation reaches adult levels by

A

3 months

31
Q

accommodation reaches adult levels when

A

3 months

32
Q

Abbe values of Crown glass, CR39, polycarbonate, trivex.

What does abbe value mean?

A

Want a high abbe value= less chromatic aberrations.

58
58
poly 30
trivex 44

33
Q

Define entrance pupil, exit pupil, aperture stop, field stop.

A

Entrance pupil- Image of the aperture stop formed by all the lenses in FRONT of it.
Exit pupil- the image of the aperture stop formed by all the lenses BEHIND it.
Aperture stop- physical entity that limits the amount of LIGHT entering the system
Field stop- physical entity that limits the SIZE of the object that can be viewed by the system.

34
Q

Which vitamins can lead to toxicity

A

Fat soluble vitamins stored in the body

ADEK

35
Q

Which water soluble vitamin aids in the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines

A

Folic acid

Deficiency causes impaired DNA and spina bifida.

36
Q

What parts of visual pathway does the anterior choroidal supply

A

Optic tract, LGN, optic radiations.

37
Q

Which 2 arteries supply the primary visual cortex

A

Posterior cerebral, middle cerebral.

38
Q

What does each of the follow color vision tests detect

  1. Ishihara
  2. Nagel anomaloscope
  3. D 15
  4. HRR
A
  1. Ishihara: red green
  2. Nagel anomaloscope: Can distinguish between anomalous trichromat and dichromat.
  3. D 15: red green and blue yellow
  4. HRR: red green and blue yellow
39
Q

Which 5 drugs can cause Whorl keratopathy

A 
Amiodarone 
Indomethacin 
Hydroxychloroquin 
Chloroquine 
Tamoxifen
40
Q

Is silicone more or less permeable to oxygen than water

A

More.

Which is why increasing water content in siHy lenses causes decreased oxygen transmission.

41
Q

Average amp of accommodation formula

A

18.5 - 1/3(age)

42
Q

Which molecule is found at 40x higher concentration in the vitreous compared to the blood

A

Vitamin C

43
Q

systemic diseases associated with KCN

A

T-DOME !!

Turner syndrome
Down syndrome 
Osteogenesis imperfecta 
Marfan syndrome 
Ehlers-Danlos
44
Q

Thickness of cornea in the center

Thickest and thinnest points of the choroid, sclera, and retina.

A

Choroid:
Thickest at posterior pole 0.2mm
Thinnest at ora serrata 0.1mm

Sclera:
Thickest at 1mm
Thinnest at 0.3mm at reti insertions

Retina:
Thickest in the papilomacular bundle: 0.23mm
Thinnest at fovea: 0.1mm

Cornea is 0.52-0.55mm

45
Q

Parinaud oculoglandular sydrome

A

Eye problem similar to conjunctivitis.

Affects swollen lymph nodes and fever

46
Q

What do these stand for:
VRDL
RPR
FTAA

A

VRDL: Venereal disease research laboratory
RPR: Rapid plasma reagent card test
FTAA: Fluorescent treponema antibody absorption

47
Q

4 types of bacteria than can penetrate an intact cornea

A

Canadian national hockey team: Corynebacterium dipltheriae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, haemophilus, listeria

48
Q

What corneal finding is characteristic of EKC

A

serotype 8
symptoms 8 days after exposure
SEIs 8 days after that. No longer contagious.

49
Q

4 ways to dx syphilis

A

FTA- ABS
MHA- TP
Dark field microscopy
Enzyme immunoassay

50
Q

Internal hordeola is most commonly caused by

A

S. Aureus

51
Q

Staph epidermis is the most common cause of

A

Acute postoperative endophthalmitis

52
Q

Strep pneumonia may cause what 2 infections

A

Pediatric bacterial conjunctivitis

K ulcers

53
Q

When an ophthalmic topical drug contacts the tear film, the pH of the tears alters the drug to which of the following

A

Non0Ionized.
The pH of the tears is 7.54. When drugs contact the tear film, the tears alter the drug into a non ionized form (hydrophobic) which promotes absorption across the hydrophobic corneal epi and endothelial.

Ionized/hydrophillic drugs are less likely to be absorbed.

54
Q

What does each pathway do

Medial lemniscus
Tectospinal
Trigeminothalamic
Spinothalamic

A

Medial lemniscus- touch, pressure, vibration from the body.
Tectospinal- reflexive head movements in response to visual stimuli.
Trigeminothalamic- pain and temp from the face.
Spinothalamic- pain and temp from the body.

55
Q 
Define 
Sensitivity 
Specificity 
Positive predictive value 
Negative predictive value
A

Sensitivity- Ability of a test to detect a patient has the disease. Good to be sensitive.
Specificity- Ability of a test to detect a patient doesn’t have the disease.
Positive predictive value- Probability that the patient has the disease if the test is positive.
Negative predictive value- Probability that the patient doesn’t have the disease if the test is negative.

56
Q 
What are these lasers used for: 
Argon 
Excimer 
Nd: YAG 
Helium neon
A

Argon- PRP, focal laser tx for ME
Excimer- LASIK, PRK
Nd: YAG- PCO, SLT, LPIs
Helium neon- illuminate the retina to view the fundus

57
Q

How do photoreceptors collect photons/how does color vision work

A

A wavelength of a photon determines the probability that the photon is absorbed by a photoreceptor.

Based on the principle of univariance- once the photon is absorbed, all information regarding the wavelength of the photon is lost.

A single photoreceptor cannot discriminate color. Color vision is based on the relative responses of different photoreceptors based on the number of photons each absorbed.

KMK Practice Tests (5 decks)

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