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MDL 216 Blood Bank > Test 3B > Flashcards

Test 3B Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 7 parts of a Compatibility Test?

A
  1. Request
  2. Receipt of acceptable blood sample.
  3. Type & Screen
  4. History
  5. Xmatch procedure
  6. Select transfustion blood
  7. Perform Xmatch
  8. Label tubes
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2
Q

List the blood groups that are known to cause hemolysis.

A 
ABO
P
Lewis
Kidd
Vel
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3
Q

Why is patient ID an integral step in blood transfusion.

A

If the patient is not correctly identified prior to obtaining the sample, an incorrect blood type may be obtained or an antibody present may be missed. This could cause death following transfusion.

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4
Q

What is an AGT?

A

Antiglobulin Test

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5
Q

What is the purpose of the AGT?

A

To detect bound IgG and/or complement on the red blood cells.

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6
Q

Name 3 types of AHG reagent.

A

Polyspecific (IgG and C3d)
Monospecific IgG
Monospecific C3d

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7
Q

How does AHG work?

A

Any cells coated with Ab will be complexed with AHG, and the clumps will form macroscopic or microscopic

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8
Q

What are the 2 ypes of AHG tests?

A

DAT and IAT

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9
Q

What is DAT?

A

direct antiglobulin test

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10
Q

What is IAT?

A

indirect antiglobulin test?

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11
Q

Which tests are in vivo and which are in vitro?

A

DAT - in vivo

IAT - in vitro

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12
Q

What are unexpected antibodies

A

Antibodies to red cell antigens that are not expected (other than ABO)

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the antibody screen?

A

To detect unexpected red cell antibodies in the patient’s serum or plasma?

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14
Q

What types of cells are used in antibody screening and identification?

A

group O

RH positive and negative

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15
Q

What are enhancement reagents?

A

Substances added to the testing system to increase the binding of antigens and antibodies

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16
Q

Name 3 enhancement reagents

A

Albumin
LISS
polybrene
PEG

17
Q

What are Coombs Control Cells and what is their purpose?

A

RBCs coated with human IgG antibody that are added to a negative AHg tube to ensure proper functioning of the AHG reagent.

18
Q

What does it mean if the Coombs Control Cells do not agglutinate?

A

AHG reagent was omitted or inactivated, or the test system was not washed adequately to remove all protein

19
Q

Describe the purpose of the Autocontrol and what it means if it is positive

A

Testing of the patient’s serum or plasma with their own red blood cells to determine if an autoantibody is present. If it is positive, the patient may have free autoantibody in their serum or plasma

20
Q

What test do you run if the autocontrol is positive?

A

DAT

21
Q

What tests are performed on a patient’s sample in order to administer unites of packed RBCs?

A

ABO/Rh
Ab screen
Crossmatch

22
Q

If an antibody screen on a patient is negative, what is the chance that a crossmatch would be INCOMPATIBLE?

A

Less than 1% chance

23
Q

How are enzymes helpful in antibody identification?

A

Enzymes destroy Duffy and MNS antigens. Enzymes also enhance some reactions (such as Rh)

24
Q

What is a major crossmatch?

A

Patient’s serum or plasma with donor RBCs

25
Q

What is a minor crossmatch

A

patient’s RBCs with donors plasma (not used anymore)

26
Q

What can be used to assist in clotting of a sample from a patient on anticoagulant therapy?

A

Thrombin or glass beads may be added to enhance clotting. If heparin is present, protamine sulfate may speed clotting

27
Q

What are the limitations to compatibility testing? What percent of antibodies are NOT detectable after 5 years?

A

Patient may have previous Ab present that is too low to detect (1/3 of alloAbs are not detected after 5 years)

28
Q

What must be checked before issuing blood to a person from the blood bank?

A

Recipient’s name
ID#
ABO/Rh

29
Q

What must be checked before hanging a unit on a patient?

A

Donor unit #
ABO/Rh
compatibility test result

30
Q

What is informed consent?

A

Physician or nurse must educate patient on risks involved in transfusion, must be signed by patient prior to receipt of blood (unless severe emergency)

31
Q

What is the maximum surgical blood order and how does it work?

A

Average number of untis usually needed by patients for specific surgeries set up on all patients in advance

32
Q

What is an elution and when is it used in the Blood Bank?

A

Procedure to remove antibody from the RBC surface (coated in vivo). Acid, Heat or Freeze are techniques used.

33
Q

What is adsorption and when is it used in the Blood Bank?

A

Procedure used to remove autoantibody from patient’s serum or plasma. Pull auto out of the patient’s serum so that clinically significant alloAbs can be detected. Used in Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemias (WAIHA)

34
Q

What is WAIHA?

A

Warm AutoImmune Hemolytic Anemias

MDL 216 Blood Bank (5 decks)

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