Test 2

Question 1

Name the four major ABO blood types:

Answer 1

A
B
O
AB

Question 2

A gene that does not produce any detectable traits; dd = no D antigens = Rh negative

Answer 2

Amorph

Question 3

Forward cell grouping tests

Answer 3

RBC antigens

Question 4

Reverse Cell grouping tests

Answer 4

serum for Antibodies

Question 5

Name the three alleles of the ABO system

Answer 5

A
B
H

Question 6

Name the four phenotypes of the ABO system

Answer 6

A
B
O
AB

Question 7

Name the six genotypes of the ABO system

Answer 7

AA
AO
BB
BO
OO
AB

Question 8

Name the 2 genes dominant over allele O

Answer 8

A

B

Question 9

Name the gene that is recessive

Answer 9

O

Question 10

Name the co-dominant genes

Answer 10

A

B

Question 11

Why can’t newborns be reverse grouped at birth?

Answer 11

Not yet producing antibodies

Question 12

Name the antigen present on red cells in order for the expression of the ABO antigens

Answer 12

H

Question 13

Name the immunodominant sugar associated with H antigen

Answer 13

L-fucose

Question 14

Name the immunodominant sugar associated with A antigen

Answer 14

GalNac

Question 15

Name the immunodominant sugar associated with B antigen

Answer 15

D-galactose

Question 16

Describe the outcome if a person is hh

Answer 16

Bombay, no ABO expression

Question 17

Describe the outcome if a Bombay person receives O blood

Answer 17

hemolytic reaction of O RBCs because of H antigen

Question 18

Name the two major subgroups of blood type A and their frequency

Answer 18

A1 = 80%
A2 = 20%

Question 19

Name the lectin used to differentiate between A1 and A2

Answer 19

Dolichose bifloris

Question 20

Name the antibodies associated with each of the four major blood groups

Answer 20

A = anti-B
B = anti-A
O = anti-A, anti-B, anti-A,B
AB = none

Question 21

When do ABO antibodies develop?

Answer 21

3-6 months of age

Question 22

How do ABO antibodies develop?

Answer 22

Naturally occurring IgM due to actions of E. coli in the gut. May also develop anti-IgG through pregnancy or transfusion

Question 23

ABO antibodies reaction temp?

Answer 23

room temp

Question 24

ABO reaction media

Answer 24

saline

Question 25

Will ABO bind complement

Answer 25

yes

Question 26

Name two classes of ABO antibodies

Answer 26

IgM and IgG

Question 27

6 conditions in which a person may lack ABO antibodies

Answer 27

``` newborn elderly leukemia hypogammaglobulinemia immunosuppressed bone marrow transplant ```

Question 28

Two other names for serum grouping

Answer 28

reverse grouping | back typing

Question 29

Distinguish the A blood group according to their serum grouping

Answer 29

A cells neg, B cells 4+ (anti-B)

Question 30

Distinguish the B blood group according to their serum grouping

Answer 30

A cells 4+, B cells neg (anti-A)

Question 31

Distinguish the O blood group according to their serum grouping

Answer 31

A cells 4+, B cells 4) (anti-A, anti-B, and anti-A,B)

Question 32

Distinguish the AB blood group according to their serum grouping

Answer 32

A cells neg, B cells neg (no antibodies formed)

Question 33

An individual who is capable of secreting soluble, glycoprotein ABH-substances into saliva and other body fluids is termed?

Answer 33

Secretor

Question 34

Name the secretor gene

Answer 34

SeSe, Sese

Question 35

Name the two blood groups involved in secretor status

Answer 35

ABO and H

Question 36

Proteins present in plants, usually seeds, which bind specifically to carbohydrate determinants and agglutinate RBCs through their surface of oligosaccharide determinants

Answer 36

Lectin

Question 37

Name the H lectin

Answer 37

Ulex europaeus

Question 38

Percentage of Us population = secretors

Answer 38

80%

Question 39

Name the three sets of allelic genes in the Rh system:

Answer 39

Dd, Cc, Ee

Question 40

Fisher-Race uses what nomenclature

Answer 40

DCE

Question 41

Weiner uses what nomenclature

Answer 41

Rh, hr

Question 42

Rosenfield uses what nomenclature?

Answer 42

1-2

Question 43

Name the five common anti-sera used for typing the antigens in the Rh system

Answer 43

``` Anti-D Anti-C Anti-E Anti-c Anti-e ```

Question 44

Describe the biochemistry of the Rh antigens

Answer 44

Nonglycosylated proteins; transmembrate polypeptides

Question 45

The following describes what phenotype? No Rh antigen expression, (---), RBC membrane abnormalities, may have mild compensated hemolytic anemia, reticulocytoses, slight to moderate decrease in H&H, increase in Hgb F, stomatocytosis

Answer 45

Rh null

Question 46

The following describes what phenotype? | Weakened antigen expression, clinical symptoms similar to Rh null but less sever

Answer 46

Rh mod

Question 47

Do Rh antibodies bind complement?

Answer 47

no

Question 48

Can Rh antibodies cross the placenta?

Answer 48

yes

Question 49

Most common Rh genotype in caucasians

Answer 49

R1r

Question 50

Most common Rh genotype in African Americans

Answer 50

R0r

Question 51

The ability of an antigen to stimulate an antibody response is called?

Answer 51

immunogenicity