Test 3 week 6 #4 slides

Question 1

risk reduction of womens health issues

Answer 1

nutrition, UV radiation, stop smoking, no etoh, MVC, falls, sexual health

Question 2

risks for urinary incontinence

Answer 2

aging, past pregnancy, vaginal birth, obesity, fhx

Question 3

types of incontinence

Answer 3

stress - from increased intrabdominal pressure and weak urinary sphincter
urgency - overactive bladder
overflow - obstruction of bladder outlet

Question 4

Pelvic organ prolapses

Answer 4

bladder (cystocele), rectum (rectocele), bowel (enterocele), uterus

Question 5

risk factors for pelvic floor dysfunction

Answer 5

giving birth, vaginal births, obesity

Question 6

s/s of pelvic floor dysfunction

Answer 6

vaginal pressure, pelvic pain, bulge at opening of vagina, sexual dysfunction

Question 7

pelvic floor treatments

Answer 7

vaginal pessaries to support organs, physical therapy, surgery.

Question 8

ovarian cyst types

Answer 8

functional - follicular (follicle doesnt rupture during ovulation, common with PCOS), corpus luteum cyst (corpus luteum fails to involute)
non functional - dermoid (benign ovarian tumors, contain teeth or hair, watch for torsion), endometrioma is blood cyst, PCOS is multiple cysts in ovary.

Question 9

PCOS

Answer 9

endocrine disorder with ovulatory dysfunction and hyperandrogegism, common infertility cause

Question 10

s/s of PCOS

Answer 10

anovulation, hormones not functioning in good levels, androgen hormones high, hirsutism, impaired ovulation, severe acne, metabolic syndrome

Question 11

breast cancer risk factors

Answer 11

decrease rate - healthy weight, exercise, full term pregnancy, full term pregnancy <25 age, breast feed for >15mo, menopause <50age
increase rate - obese, etoh, radiation, aging, fhx, BRCA gene, hormonal therapy, jewish

Question 12

breast cancer screening

Answer 12

mammogram q 1-2 years age 40-74, high risk needs mri or UA, after age 75 mammogram based on R/F

Question 13

breast cyst

Answer 13

palpable mass or identified via UA, can be aspirated, complex cyst can be cancer
fibrocystic breast disease - benign, cysts and nodules through whole breast

Question 14

breast cancer tx

Answer 14

surgery (radical mastectomy removes whole breast, nipple, chest muscle, lymph nodes) or simple removes breast, nipple, and areola. chemo, radiation, hormone therapy (tamoxifen).

Question 15

gynecologic cancers

Answer 15

uterine, cervical, ovarian, vaginal and vulvar

Question 16

TNM staging of gyn cancers

Answer 16

t - size and extent of primary tumor
N- number of lymph nodes to which is spread
M- metastasis

Question 17

cervical cancer screen

Answer 17

pap smear, 1st screen at age 21, q5 years age 30-65

Question 18

pap test abnormal findings

Answer 18

1. pap test
2. colposcopy (visualize bad cells)
3. biopsy
4. LEEP or cold knife conization (removes tissue from cervix)

Question 19

ovarian cancer

Answer 19

found late, s/s are abd pain, bloating, increased abd girth, dx with surgery, tx chemo

Question 20

abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB)

Answer 20

periods less than 24 days apart, more than 38 days apart, amenorrhea

Question 21

AUB description

Answer 21

regularity - variation in length of cycle, more than 7-9 days
duration - variation in length of bleeding
volume - amount of bleeding
bleeding between periods

Question 22

Polyps

Answer 22

benign tumor of endometrium or cervix, cause bleeding, surgically remove

Question 23

adenomyosis

Answer 23

endometrial tissue in myometrium, causes heavy bleeding and dysmenorrhea, tx with contraceptives, tx with uterine artery embolization or hysterectomy

Question 24

Leiomyomas

Answer 24

uterine fibroids, cause heavy bleeding and pelvic pain, problems with infertility, tx is hormonal contraception, myomectomy, or hysterectomy

Question 25

Malignancy and Hyperplasia

Answer 25

overgrowth of endometrium, vaginal bleeding after menopause is sign of cancer, need endometrial biopsy

Question 26

COEIN

Answer 26

C- coagulopathy, von willebrand disease O- ovulatory dysfunction, irregular cycle for year+, antidepressant or steroids can cause this E- endometrial, no dx for AUB, caused by STI inflammation I- iatrogenic, from anticoag therpy or medical procedures N- not classified, when pt bleeding doesnt fit in a category

Question 27

endometriosis

Answer 27

endometrial tissue outside the uterus, s/s are dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, infertility, pelvic mass, other pain

Question 28

endometriosis tx

Answer 28

nonsteroid anti inflammatory (nsaids), hormonal oral contraceptives, GnRH agonist to produce hypoestrogenic effect for early menopause, laproscopy for dx.

Question 29

transition to menopause

Answer 29

no cycle for 12 mo, age 51-52, perimenopause lasts 2-8yrs, s/s are hot flashes, night sweats, mood swings, brain fog. estrogen decreases leading to risk for osteoporosis and heart disease, estrogen therapy for s/s mgmt