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Language Development > test 3 study guide > Flashcards

test 3 study guide Flashcards

1
Q

phonological knowledge

A

linking letters to sounds

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2
Q

orthographic knowledge

A

quickly identifying words

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3
Q

morphological knowledge

A

identifying prefixes ans suffixes

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4
Q

phonemic awareness

A

helps children recognize that sounds can be put together to form words

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5
Q

phonological awareness

A

awareness of phonological structure/sound structure of words

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6
Q

6 critical literacy areas

A

phonological awareness
spelling
reading comprehension
reading fluency
vocabulary
writing

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7
Q

onset

A

first sound/sounds in a word

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8
Q

rime

A

sounds that follow rime

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9
Q

3 types of linguistic knowledge that lead to spelling expertise

A

phonological knowledge
orthographic knowledge
morphological knowledge

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10
Q

acquisition of literacy begins when?

A

Infancy

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11
Q

5 ways sound units can be manipulated

A

matching
blending
segmenting
substituting
deleting

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12
Q

interlanguage

A

period of time from the time learner uses second language productively to the time the learner reaches competence level of native speaker

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13
Q

fossilization

A

when second language “errors” remain firmly entrenched despite strong proficiency in first language

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14
Q

code-switching

A

alternation between two languages in a single discourse

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15
Q

language loss

A

losing language skills due to not using them

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16
Q

transfer

A

process in which communication behavior from the first language carries over to second language

can occur across all areas of language

17
Q

Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency
CALP

A

-Context reduced form of communication, using more formal forms of oral and written language
-relies on oral or written linguistic cues for meaning due to no shared reality
-characterized by specialized vocabulary, grammar, and discourse patterns

18
Q

IDEA testing procedures

A

-tests given in first language/mode of communication
-usage of variety of data collection methods and tools (do not rely on single procedure)
-materials should yield valid and reliable information

19
Q

simultaneous language acquisition

A

languages acquired simultaneously since infancy

minimal interference occurs

20
Q

sequential language acquisition

A

one language is learned then a second is learned later in life

results in diversity in rates of acquisition

21
Q

common language spoken in US

A

Spanish
Arabic
Chinese
Vietnamese
Portuguese
Creole
Russian
Hattian
Hmong
Somali

22
Q

When an Interpreter is used in assessment report….

A

the form must specify that service of an interpreter was used

23
Q

Children with underlying DLD have these difficulties with language:

A

-reduced vocabulary
-difficulty learning new words
-reduced lexical diversity in narrative samples
-difficulties with cognitive underpinnings

24
Q

silent period

A

initial stage of second language acquisition when the person is focusing on comprehension of language, may not be speaking

25
Q

hearing

A

ability to receive, process, and interpret sounds

26
Q

decibels

A

sounds of intensity

measures loudness (dB)

27
Q

Conductive Hearing Loss

A

hearing loss due to damage of ear canal, ear drum, or middle ear’s bones

usually caused by ear infection

28
Q

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

A

hearing loss due to missing/damaged sensory cells in cochlea

29
Q

Mixed Hearing Loss

A

when bone-conduction thresholds are poorer than 280 dB

hearing loss and air conduction thresholds are elevated by another 10 dB or more (air-bone gap present)

30
Q

4 major ways that hearing loss affects children

A

-delayed receptive and expressive communicative skills
-learning problems in academic achievement
-social isolation
-later vocational choices and success

31
Q

what does the outer ear consist of

A

ear drum and ear canal

32
Q

What difficulties do children with hearing loss have when they do not receive intervention

A

poor educational and economic achievement which results in adults who are underemployed and at risk for legal and social problems

33
Q

3 bones in the middle ear

A

malleus
incus
stapes

34
Q

5 signs of hearing loss

A

-asking for repetition
-misunderstanding what is being said
-speech problems
-watches to see other’s actions
-appears inattentive
-fatigued at end of day
-withdraws from situations that require careful listening

35
Q

what do babies in utero hear?

A

low frequency sounds (vowels) of mother’s voice

they are able to differentiate between mother’s voice and another person’s voice

Language Development (4 decks)

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