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Language Development > final > Flashcards

final Flashcards

1
Q

language

A

system of arbitrary symbols that is rule based, generative, and used as a social tool in communication

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2
Q

expressive vs receptive language

A

Expressive: ability to share thoughts and meanings through words

Receptive: ability to understand others’ spoken language (auditory comprehension)

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3
Q

components of language

A

syntax
pragmatics
morphology
phonology
semantics

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4
Q

syntax

A

how words are used to express meaning in sentence structures

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5
Q

pragmatics

A

use of language in social interactions, rules for social interaction

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6
Q

semantics

A

how words correspond to things/events in the world; how language reflects a speakers meaning or intent

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7
Q

morphology

A

how words and smaller units are combined to form other words

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8
Q

phonology

A

how sounds are combined to form words

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9
Q

communicative competence

A

ability to communicate a message and understand concepts being communicated

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10
Q

linguistic competence

A

use of morphology, phonology, syntax, and semantics

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11
Q

language acquisition device (LAD)

A

concept that infants have an instinctive mental capacity that enables them to acquire and produce language

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12
Q

Social interaction theory

A

language acquisition based on social interactions and experiences with language

children desire interactions

zone of proximal development and scaffolding

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13
Q

Speech Acts theory

A

says language acquisition is based on semantic-pragmatic unit “speech acts” that label meaning and result in an action

stages:
prelinguistic
linguistic
appearance of syntax

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14
Q

Behavioral Theory

A

language development based on operant conditioning (+ or - rx)

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15
Q

Principles and parameters theory

A

language acquisition based on LAD

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16
Q

Cognitive theory

A

language acquisition and cognition are connected

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17
Q

Emergentism theory

A

language acquisition is based in emergent effect of: cognition, social interaction, pragmatic skills, and attention

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18
Q

scaffolds

A

conversational reacts that add new info but maintain meaning

extension, expansion, recasts, models

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19
Q

primitive speech acts

A

communicative intentions before speech

labeling, answering ?, requesting, greeting, protesting, repeating

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20
Q

Broca’s area

A

important for speech production as it activated articulators

associated with phonology, semantics, syntax, and motor control

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21
Q

Wernike’s area

A

used in language comprehension and speech reception

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22
Q

neuroplasticity

A

brain’s ability to grow and change when exposed to new info or experiences

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23
Q

neurons

A

basic funcțional unit of the nervous system that send/receives info to cells

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24
Q

components of CNS

A

brain and spinal cord

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25
Q

components of PNS

A

spinal and cranial nerves outside of spinal cord and brain

26
Q

rights side of brain vs left side

A

Right:
attention, memory, reasoning, problem solving

visual perception, understanding and producing face and voice emotion, attention and shifting attention

Left:
language, logical thought, critical thought, reasoning

understanding and producing language, memory for spoken and written language

27
Q

magical thinking

A

child falsely believing a certain action will influence the world around them

28
Q

divergent thinking

A

thought process allowing children to generate a number of possible solutions

29
Q

Theory of Mind

A

allows children to understand how others feel and that it may be different than how they feel

30
Q

Symbolic play

A

using objects to represent a different object

31
Q

speech intelligibility

A

how clear/easily understood someone’s speech is to the listener

32
Q

working memory

A

allows encoding, storing, processing and rehearing os info essential for language development

33
Q

overextension

A

using perceptual characteristics of an entity to extend meaning

34
Q

under-extension

A

restricted or limited meaning of a word

35
Q

domain specific vocabulary

A

vocabulary specific to a specialized domain/subject

36
Q

mental lexicon

A

mental dictionary of words a person knows

37
Q

morpheme

A

smallest meaningful unit of a word with meaning

38
Q

4 stages of play and ages

A

solitary- 0-24 months
parallel- 24-36 months
associative- 3-4 years
cooperative- 4 years

39
Q

at what age do we expect a response to name being called?

A

6 months

40
Q

mirror neurons

A

mirror the behavior of others as though the observer were acting himself

infants imitating facial expressions before they understand that they have a face

41
Q

3 major pragmatic communication skills

A

use of language to greet, inform, and request

changing and adapting language to different people/situations

following rules in conversations

42
Q

incidental learning

A

occurs in preschool stage

learning words through conversation and not direct instruction

43
Q

phonological processes

A

syllable structure
whole word
substitution
assimilation

44
Q

open and closed syllables

A

open syllables end in vowel
closed syllables end in consonant

45
Q

cultural considerations in play

A

does the child play alone?
types of toys?
play and watch tv at same time?

46
Q

phonological knowledge

A

linking letters to sounds

47
Q

orthographic knowledge

A

quickly identifying words to speed up fluency

48
Q

morphological knowledge

A

identifying prefixes and suffixes to speed up fluency

49
Q

phonemic awareness

A

recognizing words can be put together to form words

50
Q

phonological awareness

A

awareness of phonological structure/sound structure of words

51
Q

6 critical literacy areas

A

phonological awareness
spelling
reading comprehension
reading fluency
vocabulary
writing

52
Q

5 ways sound units can be manipulated

A

blending
segmenting
substituting
deleting
matching

53
Q

code switching

A

alternation between two languages within a single discourse

54
Q

language loss

A

losing language skills due to not using them

55
Q

simultaneous vs sequential language acquisition

A

simultaneous is at the same time

sequential is one then the other

56
Q

hearing

A

ability to receive, process, and interpret sounds

57
Q

conductive hearing loss

A

hearing loss due to damage of ear canal, eardrum, or middle ear bones

58
Q

sensorineural hearing loss

A

hearing loss due to missing/damaged sensory cells in cochlea

59
Q

outer ear consists of what

A

ear drums and ear canal

60
Q

middle ear bones

A

malleus
incus
stapes

61
Q

5 signs of hearing loss

A

asking for repetition
misunderstanding
appears inattentive
watching others actions
speech problems
withdraws form social situations

Language Development (5 decks)

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