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Anatomy & Physiology 2 > Test 3 Review > Flashcards

Test 3 Review Flashcards

0
Q

Drains the back of the head

A

Vertebral

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1
Q

What is the origin of the inferior vena cava?

A

Right and left common iliac veins

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2
Q

Drains the bulk of the head

A

Internal jugular

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3
Q

Drain the superficial skull

A

External jugular

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4
Q

Forms the Brachiocephalic vein

A

Vertebral, internal jugular and external jugular

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5
Q

The right and left Brachiocephalic veins form what?

A

Superior vena cava

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6
Q

What forms the portal vein in the abdomen?

A

Superior mesenteric vein

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7
Q

What drives O2 delivery?

A

Hydrostatic (push out)

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8
Q

What drives CO2 pick up?

A

Blood colloid osmotic pressure (suck in)

  • charged ions of blood
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9
Q

The thoracic duct drains:

A

All but the right arm, right head and right neck

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10
Q

The thoracic duct starts at the:

A

Cisterna chyli

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11
Q

The right lymphatic duct drains:

A

The right head, right arm and right neck

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12
Q

The right lymphatic duct drains the:

A

Right subclavian and the right internal jugular

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13
Q

The left lymphatic duct drains the :

A

Left subclavian and the left internal jugular

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14
Q

What signals the start of the classical pathway?

A

The binding of C3B

Opsinizing

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15
Q

How does a complement kill?

A

Punch holes into pores by MAC (C5- C9)

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16
Q

When you get a disease is it natural or acquired? Active or passive?

A

Natural and active immunity

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17
Q

Active immunity means there’s a _____ involves

A

Antigen

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18
Q

Passive immunity means there’s a _____ involved

A

Antibody

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19
Q

Vaccine shot… Active/ passive, natural/acquired?

A

Acquired and active immunity

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20
Q

Rabies active/passive, acquired/natural?

A

Passive (gives antibody) and acquired

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21
Q

Where do antibodies bind top or bottom?

A

Top

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22
Q

The top section of an antibody is called a:

A

Variable because of antigenic specificity

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23
Q

Lymphocytes in the presence of antigen differentiates into plasma cells; additional antigen [Ag] exposure allows differentiation of B memory cells

A

B class

24
Q

Plasma cells and B memory cells release ___________

A

Immunoglobulins

25
Q

In mucous membrane lining; transfers in breast milk

A

IgA

26
Q

One of the earliest AB’s found in fetal blood; aids in the differentiation of the Ig classes

A

IgD

27
Q

1st response; also one of the earliest Ab’s found in fetal blood

A

IgM

28
Q

Responds with allergic reactions

A

IgE

29
Q

2nd response; transfers across the placenta from mother to child (most common in blood stream)

A

IgG

30
Q

Leaves bone marrow and differentiates in the thymus (produced with T cyt with Ag present)

A

T class

31
Q

CD4 aids in the immunological response by coordinating the response of the WBC’s, “brain of the immune system”

A

T helper

32
Q

CD8 (along with t cytotoxic) aids in recognition of “self verses non self”, secrete “suppressions” after the initial immune response (mediate organ transfer and rejection)

A

T suppressor

33
Q

T killer; kills by secreting perforins and lynphotoxins, also kills by initiating “apoptosis” in genes

A

T cytotoxic

34
Q

Mediates the tine test (and PPD) reaction with TB testing

A

T delayed hypersensitivity

35
Q

Kills virally infected and abnormal cells

A

T natural killer

36
Q

T cells kill by:

A

Chemical dumping

37
Q

Kill by phagocytosis

A

Neutrophils and macrophages

38
Q

Antibodies develop after exposure to antigen

A

Active

39
Q

Antibodies are transferred from another source

A

Passive

40
Q

Through environmental exposure to pathogens

A

Naturally acquired active immunity

41
Q

Through vaccines containing pathogens

A

Artificially induced active immunity

42
Q

Antibodies acquired from the mother

A

Naturally acquired passive immunity

43
Q

By an injection of antibodies

A

Artificially induced passive immunity

44
Q

1) specificity
2) Versatility
3) memory
4) tolerance

A

Four properties of immunity

45
Q

Each T or B cell responds only to a specific antigen and ignores all others

A

Specificity

46
Q

The body produces many types of lymphocytes

  • each fights a different type of antigen
  • active lymphocyte clones itself to fight specific antigen
A

Versatility

47
Q

Some active lymphocytes

  • stay in circulation
  • provide immunity against new exposure
A

Memory

48
Q

Immune system ignores “normal” antigens

A

Tolerance

49
Q

Outer cortex

A

B cells (start differentiation)

50
Q

Deep cortex

A

T cells (start killing of antigen)

51
Q

Medulla

A

B cells (send signal to immune system)

52
Q

Characteristics of lymphatic capillaries

A

Unidirectional flow ( simple squamous)

1) start as pokers rather than tubes
2) have larger diameter
3) have thinner walls
4) flat or irregular outline in sectional view

53
Q

Carry lymph from peripheral tissues to lymph nodes

A

Afferent lymphatics

54
Q

Leave lymph node at Hilum, carry lymph to venous circulation

A

Efferent lymphatics

55
Q

Antibody already waiting

A

Classical pathway

56
Q

Never exposed to it before

A

Alternative pathway

57
Q

1) provides extensive gas exchange surface area between air and circulating blood (delivery of CO2, picking up O2)
2) moves air to and from exchange surfaces of lungs
3) protects respiratory surfaces from outside environment
4) produces sounds
5) participates in olfactory sense

A

Components of the respiratory system

58
Q

No cartilage

A

Bronchioles

Anatomy & Physiology 2 (5 decks)

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