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Anatomy & Physiology 2 > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

0
Q

Carries blood to and from the body

* blood alternates between pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit

A

Systemic circuit

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1
Q

Carries blood to and from gas exchange surface of lungs

A

Pulmonary circuit

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2
Q

Carry blood away from heart

A

Arteries

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3
Q

Carry blood to heart

A

Veins

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4
Q

Networks between arteries and veins

  • also called exchange vessels
  • exchange materials between blood and tissues: dissolved gases, nutrients, waste products
A

Capillaries

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5
Q

Collects blood from systemic circuit

A

Right atrium

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6
Q

Pumps blood to pulmonary circuit

A

Right ventricle

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7
Q

Collects blood from pulmonary circuit

A

Left atrium

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8
Q

Pumps blood to systemic circuit

A

Left ventricle

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9
Q

Double lining of the pericardial cavity

A

Pericardium

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10
Q

Inner layer of pericardium

A

Visceral pericardium

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11
Q

Outer layer

*forms inner layer of pericardial sac

A

Parietal pericardium

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12
Q

Is between parietal and visceral layers

*contains pericardial fluid

A

Pericardial cavity

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13
Q

Fibrous tissue

*surrounds and stabilizes the heart

A

Pericardial sac

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14
Q

________ ______ divides atria and ventricles

A

Coronary sulcus

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15
Q

Separate left and right ventricles

*contain blood vessels of cardiac muscle

A

Anterior interventricular sulcus and posterior interventricular sulcus

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16
Q

Three layers of the heart wall

A
  1. Epicardium
  2. Myocardium
  3. Endocardium
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17
Q

Interconnect cardiac muscle cells

*propagate action potentials

A

Intercalated discs

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18
Q

Connect right atrium to right ventricle and left atrium to left ventricle
- are folds of fibrous tissue that extend into openings between atria and ventricles

A

AV valves

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19
Q

Recieves blood from head, neck, upper limbs, and chest

A

Superior vena cava

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20
Q

Receives blood from trunk, viscera, and lower limbs

A

Inferior vena cava

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21
Q

Cardiac veins return blood to coronary sinus

-coronary sinus opens into right atrium

A

Coronary sinus

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22
Q

The dichroic notch is known as the

A

Reflection period

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23
Q

Origin of the right common carotid artery

A

Brachiocephalic artery

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24
Q

Origin of the left common carotid

A

Aorta

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25
Q

Origin of the right subclavian

A

Brachiocephalic

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26
Q

Origin of the left subclavian

A

Arch of the aorta

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27
Q

The heart sits between two pleural cavities in the __________

A

Mediastinum (areas between the lungs)

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28
Q

______ layer of the heart

  • visceral pericardium
  • covers heart
A

Epicardium

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29
Q

Which valve is between the right atrium and right ventricle

A

Right AV valve, also called tricuspid valve

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30
Q

Which valve is between the left atrium and left ventricle?

A

Left AV valve- bicuspid/mitral valve

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31
Q

Blood leaves the left ventricle through the _____ _____

A

Aortic valve (left semilunar)

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32
Q

_____ ____ divides into left and right pulmonary arteries

A

Pulmonary trunk

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33
Q

Blood flows from right ventricle to ____ _____ through pulmonary valve

A

Pulmonary trunk

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34
Q

Origin if the right and left coronary arteries

A

Aortic sinuses (1st branch of the aorta)

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35
Q

How many coronary arteries come off the aorta?

A

2

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36
Q

Left coronary artery = the _____ interventricular

A

Anterior interventricular

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37
Q

Right coronary artery= _______ interventricular

A

Posterior

38
Q

The great cardiac vein drains blood from area of ___________ interventricular artery into coronary sinus

A

Anterior

Supply’s left ventricle

39
Q

Anterior cardiac veins empty into right ________

A

Atrium (right ventricle)

40
Q

The ____ node contains the pacemaker cells

A

SA node

41
Q

What connects the cardiac muscles of the conduction system

A

Purkinje fibers

42
Q

The contraction of the heart is ____ msec

A

300 msec

43
Q

Atrial depolarization

A

P wave

44
Q

Ventricle depolarization

A

QRS complex

45
Q

Ventricle repolarozation

A

T wave

46
Q

Shows if conduction system is working properly

A

P-R

47
Q

Produced by an increase in calcium ion concentration around myofibrols

A

Contraction of a cardiac muscle cell

48
Q

Calcium ions enter plasma membrane during the ______ phase

A

Plateau

49
Q

Contraction

A

Systole

50
Q

Relaxation

A

Diastole

51
Q

Atrial contractions begin

- right and left AV valves are open

A

Atrial systole

  • atria eject blood into ventricles (filling ventricles)
52
Q

AV valves close

  • Ventricles contain maximum blood volume
  • known as end diastolic volume
A

Atrial systole ends

53
Q

AV valves close during ventricular systole causing ___________ contraction

A

Isovolumetric

54
Q

Ventricular pressure exceeds vessel pressure opening the semilunar valves and allowing blood to leave the ventricle

A

Ventricular ejection

55
Q

Amount of blood ejected is called the _____ volume

A

Stroke volume

SV= EDV- ESV

56
Q

Heart full

A

End diastole

57
Q

First sound of the heart beat is ____ valve closing

A

AV

58
Q

Second sound of the heartbeat is closure of the ______ valve

A

Semilunar

59
Q

The volume pumped by left ventricle in one minute

A

Cardiac output

CO= HR x SV

60
Q

Factors affecting the stroke volume

A

1) preload
2) contractility
3) after load

61
Q

The degree of ventricular stretching during ventricular diastole

A

Preload

* directly proportional to EDV

62
Q

Force produced during contraction at a given preload

A

Contractility
* affected by:
Autonomic activity
Hormones

63
Q

An increase by any factor that restricts arterial blood flow

A

After load

* as after load increases stroke volume decreases

64
Q

Factors that control EDV

A

Filling time, rate of venous return

65
Q

Factors that control ESV

A

Preload, contractility, after load

66
Q

Smallest branches of arteries

A

Aterioles

67
Q

Three layers of the vessel walls

A
  1. Tunica intima
  2. Tunica media
  3. Tunica externa
68
Q

The endothelial lining

  • connective tissue layer
  • internal elastic membrane
A

Tunica intima

69
Q

Contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle in loose connective tissue, binds together inner and outer layers

  • external elastic membrane (separates tunica media from tunica externa)
A

The tunica media

70
Q

Anchors vessel to adjacent tissues in artists

  • contains collagen fibers
  • elastic fibers
A

Tunica externa

71
Q

What do arteries have that veins do not?

A

Elastic

72
Q

Arteries do not have ______

A

Valves

73
Q

Close to the heart more _____ arteries

A

Elastic arteries

74
Q

Farther away from the heart more ____ arteries

A

Muscular

75
Q

Arterial have little to no _____ ______

A

Tunica externa

* has to be in an organ

76
Q

Name of the normal capillaries

A

Continuous capillaries

77
Q

Capillaries with big holes ( found in choroid plexus, endocrine organs, kidneys and intestinal tract)

A

Fenestrated capillaries

78
Q

Capillaries that have gaps between adjacent endothelial cells (found in liver, spleen, bone marrow, endocrine organs)

A

Sinusoids

79
Q

Main blood supply to the thigh

A

Femoral

80
Q

Main blood supply to the hip

A

Deep formal

81
Q

What does the circle of Willis supply?

A 
Internal carotid (front)
Vertebral (back)
82
Q

What supplies the blood to the spinal cord

A

Anterior cerebral artery

83
Q

Where is the origin of the basilar

A

Post cerebral

84
Q

Where is the origin of the post cerebral origin?

A

Post communicating artery

85
Q

Where is the origin of the aorta

A

The left ventricle

86
Q

What is the first branch below the diaphragm?

A

Inferior phrenic

87
Q

First major branch of the abdominal aorta?

A

Celiac plexus

88
Q

Where is the termination of the aorta?

A

The right and left common Iliac

89
Q

Inbetween the superior mesenteric and the inferior mesenteric

A

Gonadals

90
Q

External iliac

A

Femoral artery

91
Q

Internal iliac

A

Uterine artery

92
Q

Celiac plexus consists of:

A

1) left gastric (feeds top of stomach)
2) splenic (feeds bottom of stomach)
3) hepatic

93
Q

Lateral branches of the aorta

A

Supra renal
Renal
Lumbar

Anatomy & Physiology 2 (5 decks)

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