Test 2 Flashcards
Carries blood to and from the body
* blood alternates between pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit
Systemic circuit
Carries blood to and from gas exchange surface of lungs
Pulmonary circuit
Carry blood away from heart
Arteries
Carry blood to heart
Veins
Networks between arteries and veins
- also called exchange vessels
- exchange materials between blood and tissues: dissolved gases, nutrients, waste products
Capillaries
Collects blood from systemic circuit
Right atrium
Pumps blood to pulmonary circuit
Right ventricle
Collects blood from pulmonary circuit
Left atrium
Pumps blood to systemic circuit
Left ventricle
Double lining of the pericardial cavity
Pericardium
Inner layer of pericardium
Visceral pericardium
Outer layer
*forms inner layer of pericardial sac
Parietal pericardium
Is between parietal and visceral layers
*contains pericardial fluid
Pericardial cavity
Fibrous tissue
*surrounds and stabilizes the heart
Pericardial sac
________ ______ divides atria and ventricles
Coronary sulcus
Separate left and right ventricles
*contain blood vessels of cardiac muscle
Anterior interventricular sulcus and posterior interventricular sulcus
Three layers of the heart wall
- Epicardium
- Myocardium
- Endocardium
Interconnect cardiac muscle cells
*propagate action potentials
Intercalated discs
Connect right atrium to right ventricle and left atrium to left ventricle
- are folds of fibrous tissue that extend into openings between atria and ventricles
AV valves
Recieves blood from head, neck, upper limbs, and chest
Superior vena cava
Receives blood from trunk, viscera, and lower limbs
Inferior vena cava
Cardiac veins return blood to coronary sinus
-coronary sinus opens into right atrium
Coronary sinus
The dichroic notch is known as the
Reflection period
Origin of the right common carotid artery
Brachiocephalic artery
Origin of the left common carotid
Aorta
Origin of the right subclavian
Brachiocephalic
Origin of the left subclavian
Arch of the aorta
The heart sits between two pleural cavities in the __________
Mediastinum (areas between the lungs)
______ layer of the heart
- visceral pericardium
- covers heart
Epicardium
Which valve is between the right atrium and right ventricle
Right AV valve, also called tricuspid valve
Which valve is between the left atrium and left ventricle?
Left AV valve- bicuspid/mitral valve
Blood leaves the left ventricle through the _____ _____
Aortic valve (left semilunar)
_____ ____ divides into left and right pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary trunk
Blood flows from right ventricle to ____ _____ through pulmonary valve
Pulmonary trunk
Origin if the right and left coronary arteries
Aortic sinuses (1st branch of the aorta)
How many coronary arteries come off the aorta?
2
Left coronary artery = the _____ interventricular
Anterior interventricular
Right coronary artery= _______ interventricular
Posterior
The great cardiac vein drains blood from area of ___________ interventricular artery into coronary sinus
Anterior
Supply’s left ventricle
Anterior cardiac veins empty into right ________
Atrium (right ventricle)
The ____ node contains the pacemaker cells
SA node
What connects the cardiac muscles of the conduction system
Purkinje fibers
The contraction of the heart is ____ msec
300 msec
Atrial depolarization
P wave
Ventricle depolarization
QRS complex
Ventricle repolarozation
T wave
Shows if conduction system is working properly
P-R
Produced by an increase in calcium ion concentration around myofibrols
Contraction of a cardiac muscle cell
Calcium ions enter plasma membrane during the ______ phase
Plateau
Contraction
Systole
Relaxation
Diastole
Atrial contractions begin
- right and left AV valves are open
Atrial systole
- atria eject blood into ventricles (filling ventricles)
AV valves close
- Ventricles contain maximum blood volume
- known as end diastolic volume
Atrial systole ends
AV valves close during ventricular systole causing ___________ contraction
Isovolumetric
Ventricular pressure exceeds vessel pressure opening the semilunar valves and allowing blood to leave the ventricle
Ventricular ejection
Amount of blood ejected is called the _____ volume
Stroke volume
SV= EDV- ESV
Heart full
End diastole
First sound of the heart beat is ____ valve closing
AV
Second sound of the heartbeat is closure of the ______ valve
Semilunar
The volume pumped by left ventricle in one minute
Cardiac output
CO= HR x SV
Factors affecting the stroke volume
1) preload
2) contractility
3) after load
The degree of ventricular stretching during ventricular diastole
Preload
* directly proportional to EDV
Force produced during contraction at a given preload
Contractility
* affected by:
Autonomic activity
Hormones
An increase by any factor that restricts arterial blood flow
After load
* as after load increases stroke volume decreases
Factors that control EDV
Filling time, rate of venous return
Factors that control ESV
Preload, contractility, after load
Smallest branches of arteries
Aterioles
Three layers of the vessel walls
- Tunica intima
- Tunica media
- Tunica externa
The endothelial lining
- connective tissue layer
- internal elastic membrane
Tunica intima
Contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle in loose connective tissue, binds together inner and outer layers
- external elastic membrane (separates tunica media from tunica externa)
The tunica media
Anchors vessel to adjacent tissues in artists
- contains collagen fibers
- elastic fibers
Tunica externa
What do arteries have that veins do not?
Elastic
Arteries do not have ______
Valves
Close to the heart more _____ arteries
Elastic arteries
Farther away from the heart more ____ arteries
Muscular
Arterial have little to no _____ ______
Tunica externa
* has to be in an organ
Name of the normal capillaries
Continuous capillaries
Capillaries with big holes ( found in choroid plexus, endocrine organs, kidneys and intestinal tract)
Fenestrated capillaries
Capillaries that have gaps between adjacent endothelial cells (found in liver, spleen, bone marrow, endocrine organs)
Sinusoids
Main blood supply to the thigh
Femoral
Main blood supply to the hip
Deep formal
What does the circle of Willis supply?
Internal carotid (front) Vertebral (back)
What supplies the blood to the spinal cord
Anterior cerebral artery
Where is the origin of the basilar
Post cerebral
Where is the origin of the post cerebral origin?
Post communicating artery
Where is the origin of the aorta
The left ventricle
What is the first branch below the diaphragm?
Inferior phrenic
First major branch of the abdominal aorta?
Celiac plexus
Where is the termination of the aorta?
The right and left common Iliac
Inbetween the superior mesenteric and the inferior mesenteric
Gonadals
External iliac
Femoral artery
Internal iliac
Uterine artery
Celiac plexus consists of:
1) left gastric (feeds top of stomach)
2) splenic (feeds bottom of stomach)
3) hepatic
Lateral branches of the aorta
Supra renal
Renal
Lumbar
