Test 3: Politics

Question 1

Breakdown theory

Answer 1

rebel when traditional norms, expectations and patterns of behaviour are disrupted
(high economy, wage=increased expectation)
(depression, natural disaster), ppl get fewer rewards

Question 2

Resource mobilization theory

Answer 2

rebel when they have access to the material and organizational means to do so
•Most of ppl who first join were already part of a social organization

Question 3

Framing theory

Answer 3

rebel when social movement leaders make activities, ideas and goals congruent with the interests, beliefs and values of potential movement recruits
•When leaders can articulate ideas that resonate with public

Question 4

Relative Deprivation as Cause of Rebellion

Answer 4

• intolerable gap betw social rewards they think they deserve + expect to receive
• most likely to rebel against authority when rising expectations + sudden decline in social rewards

Question 5

Resource Mobilization Theory

Answer 5

• only when can get means necessary to challenge authority
• capacity to forge strong social ties
• jobs, money, arms, and access to means of spreading their ideas

Question 6

Egypt 2011: Demonstrators were more likely than were sympathetic bystanders to

Answer 6

1. pre-existing ties to civic associations: tended to be involved in various charities, unions, basis
2. structurally available: urban where ppl are, M tend to be in public sphere, single, married ppl not able to risk their lives because they have a family to worry about

Question 7

Egypt 2011: Demonstrators were more likely than were sympathetic bystanders to

Answer 7

3. Rely on new media: meet + warn each other, communicate

4. relatively deprived:most opposed to national gov

Question 8

Egypt 2012: Won by movement that framed election using culturally resonant symbols and values

Answer 8

Muslim Brotherhood won the 2012 presidential election using anti-Western + religious symbols + ideas to attract a plurality of voters
•appealed to rural folk, religious folk, poor folk
•won because they framed their appeals using cultural ideals to ppl most inclined to receive their ideas

Question 9

Voter Turnout, Canadian Federal Elections

Answer 9

fell 19.5 percent from 1958 to 2011 and will drop below 50 percent in 2041 if current trends continue
fewer young people vote than in the past
•higher education=higher propensity to vote
•Canadians become increasingly apathetic to politics, especially younger adults

Question 10

Political Donations and Cynicism by Income, Canada, 2008

Answer 10

• More rich ppl think that the party in power makes a diff
• poor more cynical + think they don’t think they care
• Wealthier ppl contribute more money + more likely to contact their member of parliament, involved in political campaign, more likely to run for office
• Wealth based inequality in voting

Question 11

Percent of Canadians Who Have Taken Part or Would be Willing to Take Part in a Demonstration

Answer 11

• Bigger % of ppl are engaged in activism
• Young ppl are looking for other ways in expressing their political ideas
• Ppl are increasingly apathetic, cynical, but only apathetic + cynical about mainstream politics

Question 12

LEFT

Answer 12

 Supports extensive government involvement in the economy;
 a strong social safety net of health, education and welfare benefits to help the less well-off;
 equal rights for women and racial and sexual minorities;
 environmental protection by regulation.

Question 13

RIGHT

Answer 13

Supports minimal government involvement in economy
small welfare state;
individual initiative in stimulating economic growth
 traditional social and moral values
free market approach to environ
believes economy grows quickly so everyone’s position to rise

Question 14

Left vs Right: Canadian Federal Parties, 2011

Answer 14

• 60.4% were left wing

* predict more left wing activism

Question 15

Major Characteristics of Canadian Democracy Today

Answer 15

Widespread political apathy and cynicism
Large, persistent, wealth-based inequalities in political influence and political participation
Growing activism on the left

Question 16

Consequences of Working Class Power in 18 Rich Countries, 1946–76

Answer 16

• more unionized workforce in more socialist parties
• wealth more evenly distributed in socialist
• % of poor smaller in socialist

Question 17

Consequences of Working Class Power in 18 Rich Countries, 1946–76

Answer 17

•party in power matters
•left wing greater distribution of power, less ppl rich, less ppl poor
leftish drift in Canadian politics, activism, leftward drift

Question 18

War

Answer 18

-violent, armed conflict between politically distinct groups who fight to protect or increase their control of territory
•means of trying to get more stuff, access to territory + resource
•5600 years of written history, roughly billion soldiers 2 billion bystanders
•overtime more destructive, more sophisticated technology, improved killing

Question 19

War

Answer 19

between countries (interstate war)
special type: colonial war - colony engaging in armed conflict with imperial power to gain independence
within countries (civil or societal war)

Question 20

Active Violent Conflicts, 1946-2009

Answer 20

• interstate wars not common + less common over time
• civil wars increasing over time
• we only pay attention to wars we are more involved in, interstate wars with close involvement
• more carnage in civil wars

Question 21

Type of Government by Income Category

Answer 21

Democracy = rule by the citizenry
autocracy = absolute rule by a single person or party
intermediate = some democracy + some of autocracy (e.g., no institutional checks on presidential power)
Civil war most common poor countries with intermediate forms of government

Question 22

Type of Government by Income Category

Answer 22

• more democracy in richer countries
• in autocracy: ppl may not be happy, but there is substantial control over pop
• in democracy: most ppl recorgnize gov has legitimate authority
• intermediate: little legitimacy, less control, little stability: poor + little autocracy + democracy leads to increased likelihood for civil war

Question 23

Forms of Modern Warfare, 1700-1945

Answer 23

modern state: increasingly monopolized the means of coercion
-monarch group, bringing together autonomous groups + control them, individual particularities wiped out
regional, ethnic + religious wars declined, interstate warfare became the norm

Question 24

Forms of Modern Warfare, 1700-1945

Answer 24

•monopolized armies + weapons
•more ppl got killed once organized central armies
while conflict became more deadly, civilian life was pacified

Question 25

Changing Form of Warfare since World War II

Answer 25

fewer interstate wars + more civil wars, guerilla wars, massacres, terrorist attacks + instances of attempted ethnic cleansing + genocide perpetrated by militias, mercenaries, paramilitaries, suicide bombers

Question 26

Changing Form of Warfare since World War II

Answer 26

-Large-scale violence has increasingly affect civilian rather than military populations
•90% of war casualties civilians

Question 27

Why Warfare Changed after World War II

Answer 27

Decolonization + separatist movements doubled # of weak, independent states in world
•didn’t have central gov that could control whole pop
•resulted in intrastate warfare because of weakness state
Arbitrary borders by colonists created conflict

Question 28

Why Warfare Changed after World War II

Answer 28

USA, USSR, China + Cuba often subsidized + sent arms to domestic opponents of regimes that aligned against them
•large countries intervene in wars of weak states
expansion of international trade in contraband provided separatist rebels with new means of support

Question 29

Social Movement

Answer 29

oGroup attempts to alter some/all aspects of society (institutions)
oExist everywhere
oSome violent, peaceful, big, small, have huge effects/little effect

Question 30

Social Movement

Answer 30

oNo social movement has never been motivated by the objective level of injustice + inequality in society
•rare to occur in the poorest country
•Slaves face greatest level of injustice, but movement doesn’t exist