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Bio139Test3 > TEST 3 Neurons > Flashcards

TEST 3 Neurons Flashcards

1
Q

Function of Nervous System (3)

A

1) Receive and collect Information(Dendrites) 2)process received information (soma/body) 3) Respond to information (axon)

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2
Q

Structure of the Nervous System 2

A

1) CNS Central nervous system (Only Brain/Spinal Cord) 2) PNS Peripheral Nervous system (other nervous tissue; cranial and spinal nerves

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3
Q

Two Functions of Nervous system

A

1) Sensory (afferent) 2) Motor Efferent)

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4
Q

Sensory (afferent) Function

A

Toward CNC from periphery

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5
Q

Motor (efferent)

A

Toward periphery from CNS 1) Somatic (to skeletal muscle 2) Autonomic ( anywhere else : smooth/cardiac muscle and glands

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6
Q

Neuron chars

A

Respond to stimuli and send nerve impulses (action potential)

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7
Q

Different Parts of Neuron

A

1) Soma 2) Dendrites 3) Axon 4) Axon Hillock (begin AP) 5) Axon collaterals(branches) 6) Axon terminals(telodendria) 7) Synaptic Knobs 8) Synaptic vesicles 9) Myelin sheath 10 Nodes of Ranvier

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8
Q

Axon Hillock

A

Triangular region connecting axon to cell body where the AP(action potential) Begins

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9
Q

Axon collaterals

A

Side branches of an axon

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10
Q

Axon terminals (telodendria)

A

Fine terminal branches of an axon or axon collateral

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11
Q

Synaptic knobs

A

Slightly expanded regions at the tips of Axon terminals (telodendria)

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12
Q

Synaptic vesicles

A

Contain Neurotransmitters (i.e.. acetylcholine (ACh)

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13
Q

myelin sheath

A

White covering that speed up an action potential

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14
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

Gap/spaces between myelin sheath( sausages)

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15
Q

What are supporting cells Called in the nervous system

A

Glial Cells

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16
Q

Characteristics of Glial cells(6)

A

1) Supporting cells 2) No AP 3) Can divide 4) Outnumber neutrons 5) smaller then neurons 6) 6 main types

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17
Q

6 types of Glial Cells and Location

A

1) Astrocytes (CNS) 2) Ependymal Cells (CNS) 3) Microglia (CNS) 4) Oligodendrocytes 5) Satellite Cell (PNS) 6) Schwann cells (PNS)

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18
Q

Astrocytes Char

A

BLOOD BRAIN barrier 2) Most Common 3) Star shaped 4) Provide structural support

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19
Q

Ependymal Cells

A

1)PRODUCE CEREBROSPINAL Fluid (CSF) 2) Cilia to circulate fluid 3) Form choroid plexus(network) 4) Line Ventricle of BRAIN and CENTRAL canal of spinal canal (CNS)

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20
Q

Microglia Char

A

1) Phagocytize dead/damaged nervous tissue 2) <5% of neuroglia

21
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

1) COVER AXON forming MYELIN Sheath (IN CNS) 2) Large 3) Cytoplasmic processes

22
Q

Satellite Cells

A

1) Regulate exchange of nutrients / waste products 2)separate cell soma of neutron interstitial fluid

23
Q

Schwann Cells(neurolemmocytes)

A

Form Myelin sheath in the (PNS)

24
Q

Myelin Sheath CNN vs PNS

A

Oligodendrocytes (multi) in CNS and Schwann cells (portion of an axon) in PNS

25
Q

Whats a Neurons neutral state?

A

Starts at a resting membrane potential (-70mv) (more negative on the INSIDE)

26
Q

How does a membrane maintain is membrane potential(-70mv)

A

1) Ion concentration (K+ Phosphate -; - protein all inside and NA+ Cl- outside) 2) Relative permeability of cell membrane to ions (m more permeable to K+ than anything else) 3) Na+/K+ pumps (2K+ IN & 3 NA+ out

27
Q

Action Potentials

A

1) Neuron send electrical impulses call action potentials (AP) 2) AP occurs when a stimulus CAUSES the NEURON to DEPOLARIZE. 3) If the neuron I depolarized to a CRITCAL Threshold (55mv) an Ap is generated(wave of depolarization)

28
Q

Depolarization is due to

A

NA+ ions rush IN inward(voltage -gate NA+ channel open)

29
Q

Repolarization Follows due to

A

K+ Flowing out (Voltage - gate K+ Channels Open

30
Q

Refractory Period and Types

A

Period after AP when it is difficult or impossible to generate other AP 1)Absolute (no AP can be generated regardless of stimulus 2) Relative: An AP can be generates but requires a larger then normal stimulus

31
Q

Myelinated AP Conduction

A

Ion flow can only at nodes of Ranvier; Saltatory Conduction( Skips sections Pass electrical current Faster)

32
Q

Unmyelinated AP conduction

A

No Node has continuous conduction (slower)

33
Q

All or None Law

A

If an AP is generated it will trail the ENTIRE length of the axon without losing strength(like shooting a gun)

34
Q

What happen in Axon Terminals

A

When AP reaches end of axon; cause voltage gated Ca+ channels to open and then neurotransmitter(chemical) is released. The Neurotransmitter cross synapse (synaptic cleft and bind receptor on another cell ( muscle gland or another neuron) causing a response.

35
Q

What are the TWO main neurotransmitters

A

1) Norepinephrine(NE) and Acetylcholine (ACh)

36
Q

Presynaptic neuron vs. post-synaptic neuron

A

Presynaptic neuron is the one simulating or inhibiting the other neuron while the Postsynaptic is getting acted on.

37
Q

Stimulus to the Post-synaptic neuron 2 TYPES

A

Excitatory postsynaptic potential(EPSP) - depolarize the postsynaptic neuron 2) Inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) Hyperpolarize the postsynaptic neuron

38
Q

Nerve fiber

A

Axon

39
Q

Nerve

A

Bundle of axons in Peripheral NS

40
Q

Ganglion

A

Cluster of neuron cell bodies in PNS

41
Q

Nucleus

A

Cluster of cell bodies in CNS

42
Q

Tract

A

Bundle of axons in Central NS

43
Q

Endoneurium

A

Cover individual axons

44
Q

Perineurium

A

Cover fascicles of axons

45
Q

Epineurium

A

Covers entire nerve

46
Q

White VS Gray Matter in CNS

A

White : mylinated axons Gray: no myelin(somas dendrites; unmylelinated axons; neuroglia) IN SC the white surrounds the gray while in the brain gray surrounds white with grey in the middle

47
Q

Multipolar Neurons(2)

A

1) 1 axon; several dendrites 2)Motor neurons; interneurons

48
Q

Bipolar Neurons (2)

A

1) 1 axon & 1 main dendrite 2) RARE (retina of eye; olfactory neurons)

49
Q

Unipolar Neurons (5)

A

1) 1 process divides into 2 branches 2) Branches resemble axons 3) Dendrites at tip of axon 5) Sensory neurons

Bio139Test3 (5 decks)

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