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Bio139Test3 > TEST 3 Muscle Fibers > Flashcards

TEST 3 Muscle Fibers Flashcards

1
Q

Properties and Char of Muscle Tissue(4)

A

1) Contractility 2) Excitability 3) Extensibility 4) Elasticity

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2
Q

Different Types of Muscle

A

1)Skeleton 2) Cardiac 3) Smooth

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3
Q

Functions of Muscle(3)

A

Movement 2) Posture 3) Temperature regulation

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4
Q

What is a muscle cell called

A

Muscle fiber

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5
Q

Covering Layers Outside to in

A

1) Deep Fascia 2) Epimysium 3) Perimysium 4) Endomysium

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6
Q

Aponeurosis

A

narrow tendon

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7
Q

Origin

A

Less movable

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8
Q

Insertion

A

More Movable

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9
Q

Anatomy of A skeletal Muscle fiber

A

1) Covered by endomysium 2) Sarcolemma (plasma membrane) 3) Sarcoplasm(cytoplasm) 4) Bundles of Myofibrils 5) Covered with Sarcoplasmic Reticulum joining together with 6) Transverse (t) Tubules which are open to sarcolemma

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10
Q

Sarcolemma Plasma

A

membrane of a muscle fiber Surrounds muscle fiber and regulates entry and exit of materials

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11
Q

Myofibrils

A

Organized bundles of myofilaments; cylindrical structures as long as the muscle fiber itself. Contain myofilaments that are responsible for muscle contraction Myosin(thick); Actin(thin) and Titin

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12
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

Cytoplasm of a muscle fiber

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13
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum in a muscle fiber Function: Stores calcium ions needed for muscle contraction.

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14
Q

Thick filament

A

Fine protein myofilament composed of bundles of myosin

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15
Q

Thin filament

A

Fine protein myofilament composed of actin; troponin; and tropomyosin

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16
Q

Transverse tubule (T-tubule) Define and Function

A

Narrow; tubular extensions of the sarcolemma into the sarcoplasm; contacting the terminal cisternae; wrapped around myofibrils. Function: Quickly transports a muscle impulse from the sarcolemma throughout the entire muscle fiber

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17
Q

Actin

A

Double-stranded contractile protein Binding site for myosin to shorten a sarcomere. Has two associated proteins Troponin and Tropomyosin

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18
Q

Tropomyosin

A

Double-stranded regulatory protein. COVERS the myosin active sites on ACTIN preventing myosin from binding to actin when muscle fiber is at rest

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19
Q

Troponin Function

A

Regulatory protein that holds tropomyosin in place and anchors to actin. When CALCIUM ION BINDS to one of its subunits; troponin changes shape; causing the tropomyosin to move off the actin active site; and this permits myosin binding to actin

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20
Q

Myosin

A

Thick Filament made from myosin molecules has two Heads (crossbidges) and Tails. Head has a site for ATP(looks like 2 twisted golf clubs)

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21
Q

Sarcomere

A

1) Functional unit of skeletal muscle(function contractile unit) It is defined as the distance from one Z disc to the next adjacent Z disk. Each myofibril contains many Sarcomeres. Sarcomeres Give skeletal muscle it STRIPED appearance

22
Q

A band

A

Composes of an entire Thick filament(Myosin)

23
Q

H zone

A

The distance between thin filaments that shortens when muscle contracts(does not contain thin filaments)

24
Q

I Band

A

contains only thin filaments and titin proteins goes across 2 sarcomeres

25
Q

M line

A

Midline of the (A) band

26
Q

Titin

A

Provides structural support and elasticity to the sarcomere

27
Q

Neuromuscular Junction(NMJ)

A

Site where a motor neuron meets a muscle fiber(LAB TEST). Acetylcholine(ach) is release from a electrical signal

28
Q

sarco-

A

muscle

29
Q

Skeleton Muscle Char

A

1) Multinuciated 2) Highly ORGANIZED 3) Lots of Many mitochondria

30
Q

action potential

A

electrical signal

31
Q

Motor Unit(MU)

A

A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates(all fibers within a MU are the Same Type

32
Q

Small vs Large Motor Unit

A

Gross movement (hips) vs (eyes; fingers) small group of muscles

33
Q

Muscle contraction theory

A

1) Sliding filament theory: myofilaments slide past each other this is accomplished by the cross-bridge cycle.

34
Q

Cross- bridge cycle

A

Cross-bridges on myosin bind actin and pull actin across myosin with a supply of ATP

35
Q

When a muscle contracts do sarcomere length and myofilaments shorten?

A

Sarcomeres Shorten; myofiliaments stay the same length

36
Q

What causes Striations(dark vs light)

A

The overlap of Thin and Thick filaments

37
Q

Acetylcholine(ach) Cause what

A

Causes an action potential on the sarcolemma and when it reaches the T-tubules it goes down into the muscle fibers CAUSing the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum(SR) to release CALCIUM

38
Q

Excitation-Contraction Coupling

A

Action potential release Calcium in SR which then can bind to Tropin . This cause the troponin to move tropomyosin out of the way so actin and myosin can interact. If ATP is available cross-bridge cycle occurs

39
Q

When do contraction stop?

A

when the stimulus from the nervous system is removed and calcium is pumped back into the SR

40
Q

Types of Muscle contraction

A

Dynamic(concentric and eccentric)(shortening/lengthening) and Static(ISOmetric) (holding object not moving (not isotonic)

41
Q

3 types of Muscle Fibers

A

Type 1(SLOW; oxidative; slow-twitch) 2) Type 2a (fast oxidative; glycolytic fast twitch fatigue-resistant) 3) Type 2b (fast glycolytic fast twitch fatigable.

42
Q

Type 1 Fiber type Char(6)

A

1 )ATP mainly made aerobically 2)High # of mitochondria 3)High # of capillaries4) Contract slowly 5)Moderate force production 6)Fatigue resistant

43
Q

Type 2b Fiber type Char(6)

A

1) ATP mainly made anaerobically 2) Low # of mitochondria 3)Low # of capillaries 4)Contract fast 5) High force production 6)Fatigue easily

44
Q

Atrophy(muscle)

A

Muscles get smaller

45
Q

Hypertrophy(muscle)

A

Muscles get bigger

46
Q

Hyperplasia(muscle)

A

Increase # of fibers (not in humans)

47
Q

Roles of muscles (4) and char

A

1) agonist(prime mover) 2) Antagonist (opposite movement) 3) Synergist(helps out but not main muscle) 4) Fixator/stabilizer(hold in place)(shoulder)

48
Q

Cardiac Muscle Char

A

1) striated 2) 1-2 nuclei 3) branched 4) intercalated discs 5) auto rhythmic(own electrical wiring)

49
Q

Smooth Muscle Char

A

1)fusiform shape 2) 1 nuclei 3) involuntary 4) slow 5) fatigue resistant 6) nonstriated 7) DENSE BODIES 8) form vessels and viscera(internal organs) 9) twisting contraction

50
Q

Anabolic steroids

A

Family of hormones that are similar to testosterone in the body Increase protein synthesis and give male secondary sex characteristics There is conclusive evidence that they increase muscle strength and mass However; several dangerous side effects make their use unhealthy and illegal!

Bio139Test3 (5 decks)

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