Test 3 multiple choice Flashcards
(30 cards)
1
Q
- The steam engine of James Watta. powered many of the new factory machines in the nineteenth century.
b. was the source of power in the new merchant and naval ships.
c. powered the blast furnace.
d. all of the above.
A
d
2
Q
- In the middle class families of the nineteenth century dominance resided witha. the mother or a matriarchy.
b. the traditional authority of the grandparents.
c. the father as the provider.
d. shared power between mother, father and grandparents.
A
c
3
Q
- Both Malthus and Ricardo argued thata. the working poor will always, by their own choice, keep themselves in a state of poverty.
b. the government should provide assistance to help the working class improve their skills and their place in the society.
c. the working class will eventually limit the number of their own children and rise above poverty.
d. a socialist government was the answer to the poverty of the working class.
A
a
4
Q
- Jeremy Bentham developed a formula to measure the worth of a society.
a. It emphasized the denial of pleasure and personal happiness.
b. It said that for individuals to be happy, they must forgo all desires for representative government, and accept a dictatorship.
c. It said that the greatest pleasure or happiness for the greatest number was the true way to assess the value of a society.
d. It said that representative government was preferable based on natural law, and pleasure or happiness was not an acceptable means of evaluating the worth of a society.
A
c
5
Q
- Louis Blanc, the French social critic and thinker, proposed thata. there would be an evolution away from capitalism, and an important first step was to form a democratic socialist government.
b. capitalism was ultimately the fairest economic system.
c. as society evolved, in the end, the government would own some agencies, but almost all industry would still be privately owned.
d. there would be a violent overthrow of the middle class and a dictatorship of the working class would emerge.
A
a
6
Q
- For Hegel, human historya. advances in a smooth orderly, non conflicting, manner.
b. advances through a conflict of an existing dominant idea being challenged by a new rival idea.
c. does not advance or progress; rather, it only maintains the status quo.
d. has no discernible pattern or process.
A
b
7
Q
- Auguste Comte’s views were based ona. a mystical insight about the inherent goodness of human nature.
b. a western religious model.
c. an intuitive metaphysical approach to reality.
d. the scientific method, and its ability to develop predictable results that help improve society.`
A
d
8
Q
- Edmund Husserl’s phenomenology says that essence
a. is to be found in a careful use of scientific reasoning applied to sensory phenomenon.
b. is to be found by suspending rational judgment and relying on one’s immediate intuitive response to sensory phenomenon.
c. is to be found in religious dogma and not in sensory phenomenon.
d. of sensory phenomenon can never be known because we are locked in by our subjective decoding equipment.
A
b
9
Q
- In regards to the autocratic power of Louis Napoleon, the French people
a. made him president through the republican principle of free elections.
b. allowed him to become Napoleon III by military takeover.
c. granted him dictatorial authority as Napoleon III through the ballot box or plebiscite.
d. 1 and 3 together.
A
d
10
Q
- In the later half of the nineteenth century, in Great Britain, reform legislation
a. emphasized private philanthropy as the way to solve social ills. b. focused only on upgrading voting rights while ignoring social problems. c. emphasized the role of government to help cure social ills through forms of welfare legislation. d. turned to organized religion to solve social problems.
A
c
11
Q
- The Italian leader who did the initial planning and then took actions to unify Italy was
a. Victor Emmanuel II
b. Pope Pius IX
c. Camillo Cavour
d. Francis II
A
c
12
Q
- The French opposed the Prussian nomination of Prince Leopold as a candidate to the Spanish throne because
a. he was a Hohenzollern, and they would have to face a Hohenzollern monarch to the east in Prussia and a Hohenzollern monarch to the south in Spain.
b. he was a Hapsburg and they did not want to confront a Hapsburg monarch in both Austria and Spain.
c. he was a relative of Queen Victoria, and they were afraid of a British and Spanish alliance.
d. he was a relative of the Tsar Alexander II, and they were afraid of a Russian and Spanish alliance.
A
a
13
Q
- It is important to understand the motivation behind the distinct increase in imperialism during the nineteenth century.
a. An important motive was the desire for markets and resources.
b. An important motive was nationalism and the rivalry between the European nations.
c. Another motive was for religious conversion and for humanitarian help via the missionaries.
d. all of the above.
A
d
14
Q
- The traditional interpretation of the major cause of the First World War was
a. the overly aggressive German nation, and its desire to expand it’s territories through war.
b. the implementation of commitments in the system of alliances that was precipitated by the crisis in the Balkans over the assassination of the Archduke and his wife.
c. the desire of the Russians to promote a Pan-Slav movement in the Balkans.
d. the desire of the French to exact revenge on the Germans for their defeat in the Franco-Prussian War.
A
b
15
Q
- The Romantic Movement was characterized by
a. an emphasis on the enlightenment principles of rationalism and scientific experimentation.
b. a classical Greek focus on order and logic.
c. the importance of will and emotional repression.
d. an accentuation of emotional release, intuitive insight and spontaneous expression.
A
d
16
Q
. In the totalitarian systems of Europe that arose during the 1930s,
- total control was given to the people in democratic governments.
- the governments gained total control of the news media and political institutions.
- allowed only one belief system or ideology to be expressed.
- 2 and 3 together.
A
4
17
Q
- A key German leader during the period of the Weimar Republic was
- Adolph Hitler
- Kaiser Wilhelm II
- Gustav Stresseman
- Otto van Bismarck
A
3
18
Q
- A major reason for the success of the Nazis in Germany was
- their dedication to the principles of democracy.
- the release of nationalistic fervor over the humiliating war guilt clause and the reparations that were part of the Treaty of Versailles.
- the prosperous economy of the late 1920s and early 1930s during the Weimar Republic.
- their communist principles.
A
2
19
Q
- In the economic ideas of John Maynard Keynes,
- the national government should utilize fiscal policy and step in to correct the consequences of a depression with such things as work programs to hire unemployed people.
- the government should never be involved in trying to correct the economy with such things as work programs to hire unemployed people.
- the state governments could become involved with work programs, but never the national government.
- he predicted that a national government could step in and create work programs to help correct the consequences of a depression, but it would be uncontrollable and next it would destroy all forms of capitalism.
A
1
20
Q
- In 1939, the leaders of Germany and The Soviet Union signed a non-aggression pact. The agreement said that
- they would not make war on one another as long as all of Poland was under German control.
- the two powers would not make war on one another and Germany would get the western half of Poland and the Soviets would get the eastern half of that same country.
- they would not make war one another as long as all of Poland was under the control of the Soviet Union.
- they would not make war on one another, and both pledged not to invade Poland.
A
2
21
Q
- In Quantum Mechanics, the principle of observer based reality states
- when an observer measures or disturbs a quantum unit like an electron, it is not aware of the observer, and it will always respond in an exactly predictable manner.
- when an observer measures or observes a quantum unit like an electron, it is aware of the observer, and it will not respond in an exactly predictable manner but in several possible or probable ways.
- the four basic principles of Quantum Mechanics are not common, and they change from one person to another.
- there should be no human observers present during experiments only cameras.
A
2
22
Q
- The physicist, Ilya Prigogine
- states that all things deteriorate and what replaces them is less complex then
what existed prior to it. - states that the law of entropy means that all notions of complexity or things
becoming more complex is an illusion. - that even though individual things deteriorate on earth, if you observe the whole sweep of evolution, you will see that overall collectively things become more complex.
- 1 and 2 together.
- states that all things deteriorate and what replaces them is less complex then
A
3
23
Q
- In his early philosophy, Wittgenstein and the logical positivists stated the most essential basis for truth is
- the principle of intuition.
- the principle of mystical insight.
- the principle of verification.
- the principle of faith.
A
3
24
Q
- For Whitehead the notion of concrescence is a term
- used to express the universal intelligence or God that consistently joins together all events in the universe or processes them.
- used to express his view that all things are concrete and there is no sensory verification of the existence of a universal intelligence or God.
- used to express the view that things are concrete as separate objects and nothing is joined together.
- to express his agnostic view that he does not know whether God exists or does not exist.
A
1
25
10. Existentialism starts with the principle that
1. essence is born within and experience is unimportant.
2. experience can never help an individual find meaning in life.
3. there is no meaning or essence in life before or after experience.
4. experience precedes essence.
4
26
Paul Tillich argued
1. like Sartre there was no God, and meaning could come from recognizing the opportunity of atheism.
2. that experience reveals an inner non-judgmental form of grace or ultimate concern from God that gives a basis for a meaningful sense of being.
3. that the human condition was one of ultimate atheistic absurdity and there was no opportunity to find meaning in it.
4. the idea of care and concern coming from an atheistic Marxian communal society.
2
27
Sigmund Freud proposed that the manager in the personality that has the conscious potential to control and express the other parts of the personality and basic drives was the
1. the superego.
2. the id.
3. the ego.
4. the psychosexual stages.
3
28
Carl Rogers says
1. there is no innate basis from which to actualize oneself.
2. that one's actualization comes when the individual simply carries out the desires of the parents in the selection of a job.
3. that one actualizes oneself through conditional self regard.
4. that one actualizes oneself in an atmosphere of unconditional self regard.
4
29
As a result of the Yalta Conference, Stalin and the Soviets
1. allowed the people of Poland to have free elections and the right to vote for people form several different political parties.
2. did not allow for free elections or the right to vote for candidates from several different parties.
3. withdrew from Poland and let the Poles control their own elections.
4. stayed in Poland and allowed the United Nations to run free elections.
2
30
A key effect of The European Union is
1. the use by many members of a common currency or the Euro.
2. the complete removal of all national governments in Europe.
3. the allowance of members to establish there own individual trade and tariff barriers.
4. to remove common regulations over the quality of products and inspection of perishable goods, and the allowance of each member state to decide their own restrictions.
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