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Western Civ 2014 summer > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Renaissance individualism and its impact on the Reformation period.

A

Jacob Burckhardt points out that Renaissance thinkers and artists were innovative in a heroic manner. Challenging the quota of the day.

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2
Q

Renaissance artists

A

Michelangelo Leonardo Da Vince Raphael

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3
Q

Michelangelo art

A

Moddona of the Stairs Battle of Hercules and the Centaurs

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4
Q

Leonardo Da Vince art

A

The Last Supper Virgin of the Rocks Ginevra Benci School of Athens

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5
Q

The Peace of Augsburg (yr)

A

1555

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6
Q

The Peace of Augsburg

A

contained several crucial components. First, each German prince was given the right to select either Lutheranism or Catholicism as the official religion of his principality. Second, occupants living in a specific region could move if they opposed the stated religion of their prince. Third, noother Protestant religions were to be allowed in the prescribed regions. Fourth, Lutherans were able to have title to land taken before 1552 from the Catholic Church.

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7
Q

Edict of Nates

A

In 1589, Henry of France proposed a measure of tolerance for the Huguenots. The edic allowd Protestants the right to public worship in certain specified localities, and one hundred small fortified towns to the south and west of France.

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8
Q

Effects of the defeat of the Spanish Armada

A

England would go on to develop the most powerful navy, Spain would never recover from the defeat of the armada, its economy would gradually grow weaker and suffer from an unfavorable balance of trade.

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9
Q

Strategies during the Thirty Years’ War

A

?

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10
Q

The results of the Peace of Westphalia on Europe

A

Ended the thirty Years War
1. 300 German states remained in tact as sovereign units. The effect of this term was to keep Germany in a condition of significant disunity until the 19th century.

  1. France gained control of Alsace.
  2. The Hapsburg Empire lost their acquisitions in Germany.
  3. The agreements at the Peace of Augsburg were once again given credence. Also, the choice of religions in German Principalities would now include Calvinism.
  4. The Dutch Republic and the Swiss Confederation were given official status. Both of these areas were Protestant.
  5. Sweden’s territorial gains in the Baltic were recognized.
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11
Q

Shakespear

A

writer, owner, and actor

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12
Q

John Donne

A

Younger contemporary of Shakespeare, born to a catholic family in protestant England. First book of poems, SATIRES. Converted to Anglicanism and wrote 160 sermons also wrote THE FLEA

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13
Q

John Donne’s Years

A

1572-1631

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14
Q

Shakespeare’s Years

A

1564-1616

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15
Q

English Civil War (Years)

A

1642-1649

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16
Q

Motives and conflicts during the English Civil War

A

Major conflicts

  1. parliament and the crown over ultimate political authority in Great Britain.
  2. religious differences The traditional view towards the role of the Anglican Church, and Calvinists wanted to purify the church of England
  3. the law between the classes
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17
Q

Petition of Rights yr

A

1628

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18
Q

Petition of Rights

A
  1. The king could not levy taxes without parliamentary approval.
  2. He could not compel individuals to make loans without consent.
  3. The monarch could not imprison citizens without a proper trial.
  4. He could not proclaim martial law during times of peace.
  5. He could not force individuals to quarter troops.
    Charles the 1 signed it, but didn’t put parliament in session. `
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19
Q

Charles the 2

A

Charles the 1 was tried for treason in 1649 and executed. Cromwell became Lord protector of England when he died his son restored Charles the 2 who worked with parliment

20
Q

Charles the second yr

A

1660-1685

21
Q

The age of reason and science yr

A

seventeenth century

22
Q

The age of reason and science

A

an age of science and discover laws of nature, through hypothesis and

23
Q

The political philosophy of Thomas Hobbes

A

yr 1588-1679

24
Q

The political philosophy of Thomas Hobbes

A

His famous statement about humans in this state was that they would be, “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short.” Also, he said in this condition, that humans would be reduced to a “war of all against all.” wrote Leviathan

25
Q

The doctrine of Mercantilism

A

Mercantilism was the economic expression of nationalism. It was a system with a focus on improving the economic power of a given nation. Mercantilism is predicated on the notion of a nation having a marketable surplus.

26
Q

Colonization of Americans English James town

A

1607

27
Q

Colonization of Americans Plymouth

A

1620

28
Q

Massachusetts bay Colonization

A

1630

29
Q

Absolutism in the 17th and 18th centuries

A

The center of power in these governments was a powerful monarch or despotic leader. The authoritarian kings or princes wanted to maximize their control over the prominent aspects of daily life. They pursued a dominant influence in such areas as political order, the economy, religion and social life.

30
Q

The policies of Louis XIV reign

A

1643-1715

31
Q

The policies of Louis XIV reign

A

For him, the way to make France the greatest nation in Europe was through absolutist rule.

32
Q

The actions of Frederick William of Brandenburg yr

A

1640-1688

33
Q

For him, the way to make France the greatest nation in Europe was through absolutist rule.

A

Since the medieval era, the German states were separated into various principalities, but during the reign of Frederick William of Brandenburg, “the great elector,” there were important steps taken to bring German states together. In the time of the elector, there would be an alliance between Brandenburg and Prussia. As well, Frederick William would put into place key elements of absolutist rule.

34
Q

The policies of Tsar Peter I of Russia yr

A

1682-1725

35
Q

The policies of Tsar Peter I of Russia

A

Peter I of Russia and the Romanov family was one of the most extensive of the absolutist rulers. He set up a variety of policies and institutions, which gave him almost, complete authority in Russia. In an intriguing way, Peter was both a ruthless autocrat and an opportunistic innovator.

36
Q

The Glorious Revolution in England

A

In 1688, there was a revolution in England that consolidated the power of the parliament and the Anglican Church. In fact, king James II was overthrown. His religious policies and plans threatened both Anglican authority and the power of the House of Commons. James was an ardent Roman Catholic, and he intended to return England to the Catholic fold.

37
Q

The Bill of Rights

A

William and Mary agreed to the provisions in the new Bill of Rights. There were several specific rights that were honored. The provisions follow:

  1. The monarchy could not levy taxes without the approval of parliament.
  2. Members of parliament were guaranteed freedom of speech, and they could not be prosecuted for remarks they made during debate.
  3. The monarchy could not make a standing army during peacetime.
  4. The monarchy could not interfere with parliamentary elections.
  5. The right to a trial by jury was guaranteed, and the crown could not interfere with a trial.
  6. The monarchy had to approve of regular meetings of parliament.
38
Q

The political philosophy of John Locke

A

Unlike Hobbes, Locke was more optimistic about people in a state with no government. He proposed in the natural state that each individual would have certain specific rights. Those basic prerogatives were “life, health, liberty or possessions.” In contrast, people in a natural setting would need some kind of mediation.

39
Q

The policies and actions of Frederick William of Brandenburg

A

His emphasis on rational authority would earn for him the title of enlightened despot; thus, he was an authoritarian with a strong army, but he attempted to pursue more constructive policies. In effect, his motives were twofold. He wanted more rational governmental and social policies, and he wanted to promote the power of the Prussian state. First, we will observe his governmental and social reforms.

40
Q

The Seven Years’ War yr

A

1756-1763

41
Q

The Seven Year’s War

A

Beginning in 1754, the French were in a war with Britain. The French and Indian War, 1754-1763, was about control of North America. Both sides wanted control of the land, the markets and the resources of a vast empire. The disputed region ranged from the British colonies along the east coast of North America to the Mississippi River. The northern boundary was New France, and the southern line was Spanish Florida. The economic benefits of this region were considerable.

42
Q

The Treaty of Paris, 1763

A

French trading posts, Britain gained control over India. Also, the British received all of New France. Now, it would be a British holding known as Canada. Moreover, the region between the thirteen colonies and the Mississippi River would be granted to Britain. Also, with the exception of two French trading posts in India, the rest of the sub continent was ceded to Britain.

43
Q

The policies of Frederick the Great of Prussia

A

he would introduce more rational and efficient ways of running it.Frederick introduced new agencies to make the government run in a more efficient manner. He created departments for such things as forestry, mines, commerce and taxes. His purpose was to promote policies that enhanced economic performance and help his subjects to function, in their daily lives, in a more effective way.

44
Q

The English architect, Christopher Wren yr. 1632-1723

A

He carried out the rebuilding of St. Paul’s Cathedral during his lifetime (see Glossary 1, Unit 3) that was an unprecedented feat.

45
Q

The classical music of Bach, and Mozart yr.

A

Bach 1685-1750

Mozart 1756-1791

Western Civ 2014 summer (5 decks)

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