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EP4133: Exe for Clinical Populations > Test 3 lecture 7 > Flashcards

Test 3 lecture 7 Flashcards

1
Q

airway obstruction causes breathing problems

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease

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2
Q

COPD is due to:

A
  • chronic bronchitis

- emphysema

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3
Q

True or false: most COPD patients have both chronic bronchitis and emphysema

A

true

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4
Q

loss of functional integrity of alveoli

A

emphysema

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5
Q

Total healthcare cost of COPD

A

24 billion

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6
Q

3rd cause of death in US

A

COPD

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7
Q

COPD impacts how many people in the U.S.?
Diagnosed?
Undiagnosed?

A

30 million total
16 million diagnosed
19 million undiagnosed

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8
Q

In 2005, COPD impacted how many people of 25 years old?

A

126,000

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9
Q

COPD hospitalizations and cost per hospitalization?

A

726,000

$10,684

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10
Q

Leading cause of COPD

A

smoking

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11
Q

Risk factors of COPD

A

smoking, air pollutants, genetic factors, asthma, respiratory infections

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12
Q

Number of alveoli in lungs

A

300 million

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13
Q

Contained in alveolus

A

collagen

elastic- stretching and recoil of the alveolar end

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14
Q

diaphragm goes down, ribs go up, volume increases, and pressure decreases during:

A

inspiration (contraction)

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15
Q

diaphragm goes up, ribs go down, volume decreases, and pressure increases during:

A

expiration (relaxation)

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16
Q

tidal volume

A

volume inspired or expired per breath

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17
Q

inspiratory reserve volume

A

maximum inspiration at end of tidal inspiration

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18
Q

expiratory reserve volume

A

maximum expiration at the end of of tidal expiration

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19
Q

Total lung capacity

A

volume in lungs after maximum inspiration

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20
Q

residual lung volume

A

volume in lungs after maximum expiration

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21
Q

forced vital capacity

A

maximum volume inspired following tidal expiration

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22
Q

inspiratory capacity

A

maximum volume inspired following tidal expression

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23
Q

functional residual capacity

A

volume in lungs after tidal expiration

24
Q

in diseases what increases

A

Residual lung volume

25
Q

Normal FEV1 and FVC is

A

FEV1=4.0 L
FVC= 5.0L
80%

26
Q

obstructive FEV1 and FVC is

A

FEV1= 1.3L
FVC= 3.1 L
42%

27
Q

True of false: expiratory capacities decrease with COPD

A

true

28
Q

mucus plugging, inflammation, more smooth muscle

A

lung parenchyma

29
Q

productive or persistent cough

A

bronchitis

30
Q

permanent enlargement of bronchioles and alveoli

A

emhysema

31
Q

In patients with emphysema what is destroyed in the alveolar walls

A

elastin

32
Q

COPD symptoms

A

coughing, wheezing, dyspnea, fever, low tolerance for exercise and low PA

33
Q

T/F: strength is 20-30% lower with COPD

A

False

34
Q

low tolerance for exercise and hypoxemia paired together results in what?

A

loss of muscle mass, less oxidative enzymes, and alterations in muscle type (less type 1, more type 2)

35
Q

spiromatry, chest x-ray, CT-scan

A

used to diagnose COPD

36
Q

predictor of mortality rate from COPD

A

FEV1

37
Q

Ways to prevent COPD

A

avoid smoking, air pollutants, early intervention (might alter progression)

38
Q

Diagnostic for COPD

A
  • symptoms may present only w/ exertion
  • evaluate progression
  • evaluate hypoexmia during activity
  • determine need for supplemental oxygen
  • evaluate response to treatments
39
Q

t/f COPD patients may not have symptoms at rest

A

true

40
Q

COPD patients will have low ______ due to pulmonary limitations. How do you help with this?

A

functional capacity;

develop exercise programs

41
Q

Measurements used during the Diagnostic GXT of COPD?

A

ECG, BP, RPE, artierial oxygen saturation, dyspnea, angina, open circuit spirometry

42
Q

what is not very reliable at <90% saturation?

A

pulse-oximetry

43
Q

Know values for ventilaiton

A

in notes

44
Q

Everything besides heart rate reserve decreases in patients with COPD when compared with normal healthy subjects. T/F

A

True

45
Q

Mode used in GXT for COPD patients

A

walking or leg cycling

46
Q

why not use upper body exercise in COPD patients?

A

may cause dyspnea

47
Q

How must one modify existing exercise protocols?

A

smaller increments, slower progression, ramping protocols, sub-max tests may be used based on patient status

48
Q

ways to manage COPD

A

smoking cessation, better occupational health, medication, supplemental-oxygen therapy, pulmonary rehab (for symptomatic people)

49
Q

What are the components of pulmonary rehab?

A

assessment, education, exercise training, psychological interventions

50
Q

what are the goals of pulmonary rehab?

A

decrease airflow limitations, decrease respiratory symptoms, improve exercise capacity, promote independence, improve quality of life

51
Q

In what ways does exercise effect COPD patients?

A

less dyspnea, higher exercise capacity

52
Q

What is the recommend for aerobic training?

A

3-5 days/wk
no optimal intensity (follow recommendations for older adults)
20-60 min continuous or intermittent
walking or stationary cycling

53
Q

Recommendations for resistance training?

A

improve upper body strength and reduce dyspnea

54
Q

recommendations for ventilatory muscle training?

A

3 or more days/wk
30% or more max inspiratory pressure
15 or more min

55
Q

anatomical death space

A

gas in the conducting zone

56
Q

voluntary muscle training involves:

A

voluntary isocaphichyhyperpnea, inspiratory resistive loading, inspiratory threshold loading

57
Q

know adaptations to exercise training

A

in notes

EP4133: Exe for Clinical Populations (10 decks)

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