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psychology 101 > test 3: learning and memory > Flashcards

test 3: learning and memory Flashcards

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1
Q

the process of acquiring new info

A

learning

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2
Q

involves training an involuntary response behavior

A

classical conditioning

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3
Q

experimented with dogs

A

pavlov

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4
Q

anything that bring a response the 1st time it is offered

A

unconditioned stimulus

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5
Q

unlearned response to an unconditioned stimulus

A

unconditioned response

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6
Q

starts off neutral but overtime if you pair it with an unconditioned stimulus it will eventually bring a response

A

conditioned stimulus

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7
Q

a learned response to a conditioned stimulus

A

conditioned response

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8
Q

when you only respond to a conditioned stimulus you were taught

A

stimulus discrimination

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9
Q

when you start to respond to things that are similar to the controlled stimulus that is taught

A

generalization

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10
Q

when you continually present the conditioned stimulus and never give the unconditioned stimulus again and the conditioned response stops

A

extinction

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11
Q

after extinction . the 1st time you offer the CS and the CR returns

A

spontaneous response

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12
Q

a naturally occurring phenomenon and it only takes 1 acquisition trial. -when you eat something and then get sick and never want it again

A

taste aversion

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13
Q

a way to help children stop wetting the bed

A

bell and pad method

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14
Q

voluntary responses

A

operant training

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15
Q

did experiments with pigeons

A

BF Skinner

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16
Q

*2 underlying principles of operant training

A
  1. all behaviors have consequences (has to be taught)

2. consequences determine whether or not behaviors are repeated

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17
Q

good consequence

A

reinforcement

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18
Q

bad consequence

A

punishment

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19
Q

add a pleasant consequence after the target behavior occurs to strengthen behavior

A

positive reinforcement

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20
Q

take away an unpleasant consequence after target behavior occurs to strengthen behavior

A

negative reinforcement

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21
Q

adding an unpleasant consequence after target behavior occurs to weaken behavior

A

positive punishment

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22
Q

taking away a pleasant consequence after target behavior occurs to weaken behavior

A

negative punishment

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23
Q

sitting a child down for an amount of time to calm them down

A

timeout

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24
Q

best used for attention seeking child. -ignoring a behavior to make it go away

A

operant extinction

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25
Q

watching something and modeling that behavior

A

observational learning

26
Q

children watching the lady beat up the clown and then doing it

A

modeling
“bobo study”
albert bandura

27
Q

3 tasks of memory

A
  1. encoding
  2. storage
  3. retrieval
28
Q

putting info into a code you can store (sound smell language vision)

A

encoding

29
Q

retaining the info you encoded

A

storage

30
Q

getting the info out of your memory

A

retrieval

31
Q

anything that helps you find info in your memory easier

A

retrieval cues

32
Q

visiting info before you need it

A

spaced retrieval

33
Q

you remember things better in the same place where you learned them

A

context dependent memory

34
Q

you remember things better in the same physical or emotional state that you learned them

A

state dependent

35
Q

3 stages of memory

A
  1. sensory memory
  2. short-term memory
  3. long-term memory
36
Q

incredibly brief storage of sensory info

Capacity: very high Duration: very short

A

sensory memory

37
Q

relatively brief storage of info currently being used

Capacity: magic #7+-2 Duration

A

short-term memory

38
Q

grouping things into units so you can hold more in your short term memory

A

chunking

39
Q

repeat it until memorize

A

rote rehearsal

40
Q

attach meaning

A

elaborative memory

41
Q

relatively permanent storage of memory

Capacity: unlimited Duration: permanent

A

long-term memory

42
Q

3 types of memory

A
  1. semantic memories
  2. auto-biographical memories
  3. procedural memories
43
Q

easy memories to put into words

A

explicit declarative

44
Q

hard to put into memories

A

implicit non declarative

45
Q

general info about the world

A

semantic memories

46
Q

memories about your life (behind your eyes)

A

auto-biographical memories

47
Q

how to do complicated actions

A

procedural memories

48
Q

where items on a list helps determine if you remember

A

serial position effect

49
Q

remembering the 1st

A

primacy effect

50
Q

remembering the last

A

recency effect

51
Q

strictly defined concept

A

artificial

52
Q

prototype concept

A

natural

53
Q

step by step procedure and done correctly will always give you the correct answer

A

algorithms

54
Q

a mental shortcut gives you a faster answer than algorithm but aren’t always correct

A

heuristics

55
Q

when the answer comes to you but you aren’t sure

A

insight

56
Q

makes it hard to make good decisions. only pay attention to things that confirm what we already believe and disregard things that contradict it

A

confirmation bias

57
Q

getting stuck in a solution that you don’t believe another way of thinking (stereotypes)

A

fixation

58
Q

when you can only see an object in relation to its name or normal usage

A

functional fixedness

59
Q

tend to overestimate how often events occur based on the # of vivid examples we can bring to mind

A

availability heuristic

60
Q

tend to be more confident that we are correct

A

overconfidence

psychology 101 (5 decks)

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