Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MCB3020 Microbiology > Test 3 Genetic Engineering & Biotech > Flashcards

Test 3 Genetic Engineering & Biotech Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The transmission of genetic information between organisms in a manner other than traditional sexual and asexual reproduction.

A

Horizontal gene transfer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the three mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer?

A

Conjugation, Transformation, and Transduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Recombinant DNA is?

A

DNA composed of fragments from two or more sources.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Conjugation is

A

A type of horizonal gene transfer:
* The transfer of genetic material between bacteria through direct contact.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Transformation is

A

A type of horizontal gene transfer:
* The direct uptake of genetic material from the environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Transduction is

A

A type of horizontal gene transfer:
* The transfer of genetic information from one bacterium to another via a virus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Autonomous replication

A

Replication of a plasmid, independent from the bacterial chromosome.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

R plasmids are

A

Plasmids containing a gene that conveys antibacterial resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Transponons (‘jumping genes’) is

A

Genes that move around in the genome. These genes can ‘jump’ from a plasmid to a chromosome and back to a plasmid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does it mean to say that a cell is ‘competent’? How can it become more competent?

A

1.It is a receptive to taking up DNA from the environment.
2.Researchers can treat cell with calcium chloride and apply a heat or cold shock.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bacteriophage (or phage) is

A

A virus that infects a bacterium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Prophage (or provirus)

A

A virus that has been intergrated into the host’s genome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Generalized transduction is

A

The transfer of any bacterial gene to a recipient using a phage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Specialized transduction is

A

The transfer of a few specific bacterial genes from one bacterium to another via a phage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Genomics is

A

The study of:
1.The Organization of genomes
2.The information they store
3.The gene products they code for

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Structural genomics is

A

The study of the physical nature of genomes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Functional genomics is

A

The study of the function of genomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Comparative genomics

A

The study of the differences among the genomes of different organisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Bioinformatics are

A

The study of the genome using computers. This field integrates computer science,technology, math and statistics.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Annotation is

A

A process in structural genomics that allows researchers to determine where genes begin and end, allows them to locate genes on the genome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Paralogs are

A

Two genes that have similar sequences and are found in the same genome. They often arise due to gene duplication events.

22
Q

Orthologs are

A

Two genes that are similar sequences and are found in different genomes. They likely have similar functions.

23
Q

What is silico analysis

A

Analysis of the genome using computers.

24
Q

What is the DNA microarrway analysis

A

A tool that allows scientists to observe the pattern of DNA expression for thousands of genes at a time.

25
Q

Proteomics are

A

The study of the proteome, or the entire collection of proteins produced by an organism.

26
Q

Functional proteomics are

A

The study of protein function that determines what actually occurs in the cell

27
Q

Structural proteomics is

A

The study of the three-dimensional structure of proteins

28
Q

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis is

A

A technique used in proteomics to seperate proteins based on charge (by their isoelectric points) and molecular mass.

29
Q

Metabolomics is

A

The study of the metabolome, or the entire set of small-molecule metabolites within a cell at a given time. This allows researchers to assess the physiological status of a cell at any given point in time.

30
Q

Lipidomics is

A

The study of the lipidome, or the entire lipid profile of a cell. This allows researchers to assess the impact of the environment on a cell’s membrane.

31
Q

Metagenomics is

A

The study of metagenomes, or genetic material recovered from environmental samples.

32
Q

Genetic engineering is

A

Deliberate modification of an organism’s genome

33
Q

Restriction enzymes are

A

Enzymes naturally produced by bacteria to fight viral infection. These enzymes cut DNA and can be used in genetic engineering to creat recombinant DNA.

34
Q

Complementary DNA (cDNA) is

A

DNA produced from an RNA template. (cDNA can be produced by reverse transcriptase.)

35
Q

Cloning vector is

A

A means for transferring a gene of interest to a host organism during the cloning process.

36
Q

What is the most commonly used cloning vector?

A

Plasmids

37
Q

What are four examples of cloning vectors?

A

Plasmids, phages, cosmids, and artifical chromosomes.

38
Q

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is

A

A technique used to quickly amplify a small DNA fragment.

39
Q

DNA fingerprint is

A

The unique pattern produced when restirction fragments are created and passed through an electrophoretic gel.

40
Q

Blotting is

A

A technique that combines electrophoresis and hybridization to detect specific DNA fragments.

41
Q

Southern blotting is

A

A blotting technique that uses radioactive DNA hybridization probes and autoradiography to identify the presence or absence of a specific gene.

42
Q

Autoradiography is

A

A method for detecting radioactively labeled molecules

43
Q

Genomic library is

A

A collection of an organism’s entire genomic DNA. which is stored in a population of identical vectors, each of which contains a fragment of DNA.

44
Q

Site-directed mustagenesis

A

A technique for introducing a mutation at a specific point in the genome

45
Q

Protoplast fusion is

A

A technique in which two cells are combined a form a hybrid cell that contains the genomes of both original cells. This technique is commonly used with fungi.

46
Q

Interferons are

A

The human body’s ‘natural antiviral molecule’

47
Q

Gene therapy is

A

The treatment of disease by inserting ‘therapeutic DNA’ into a patient’s cells

48
Q

Biopesticides are

A

Naturally produced agents that kill pests.

49
Q

Bioconversion is

A

The use of live organisms to faciliate a chemical reaction that converts a substance to a chemically modified form.

50
Q

Microbial biosensor

A

The use of microorganisms and a physical transducer to detect the presence of a substance, such as arsenic in drinking water.

MCB3020 Microbiology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions