Test 3 Antimicrobial Drugs Flashcards
What is selective toxicity
A basic principle of antimicrobial therapy that states that an antimicrobial agent should selectively kill or neutralize the target microbe and not the host cell.
What is a therapeutic dose?
The dose of an antibiotic drug that is required for clinical treatment.
What is a toxic dose?
The dose of the anitbiotic drug that produces adverse effects.
What is a therapeutic index?
The ratio of the toxic dose to the therapeutic dose
What are side effects?
Undesirable impacts of drugs on host cells.
What are narrow-spectrum drugs?
Drugs that attack only a few specific pathogens.
What broad-spectrum drugs?
Drugs that attack many different pathogens
What is a Cidal agent
Drugs that kill the microbes that they target.
What is a static agent?
Drugs that do not kill the microbes that they target but rather inhibit further growth.
What is the minimial inhibitory concentration (MIC)?
The lowest concentration of a drug that inhibits the target pathogen’s growth.
What is the Kirby-Bauer method?
A technique for assessing the susceptibility of a microorganism to an antimicrobial agent.
What are five mechanisms of action for antimicrobial drugs?
- Acting as metabolic antagonists
- Disrupting the cell membrane
- Inhibiting cell wall synthesis
- Inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis
- Inhibiting protein synthesis
The beta-lactam ring is a characterstic feature of …
Penicillins
How do penicillins have their effects?
They inhibit the transpeptidation step in a bacterial cell wall synthesis, so they inhibit the growth of a new peptidoglycan
What is the most effective form of penicillin?
Penicillin G
What microbes produce antibiotics?
Fungi and bacteria
Most antifungal drugs target…
ergosterol
What drugs can be used to treat an influenza infection?
Amantadine
Antimicrobial resistance is most commonly transferred via…
R plasmids
Protease and reverse transcriptase inhibitors are effective against…
HIV
What is Erythromycin
An antibiotic that affects bacterial protein synthesis mechanisms.
True and false: Polyenes are antifungal drugs
True
How does vancomycin have its impact?
It inhibits cell wall synthesis by blocking transpeptidation
What is the synergistic drug interaction?
It occurs when drugs are more effective when administered together than when adminsitered seperately.
Why does tetracylcine have selective toxicity?
Differences in translation between prokaryotes and eukaryotes allow the drug to kill prokaryotes but not eukaryotic cells.
What is MRSA?
(Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) This bacterium is resistant to the effects of methicillin
Amphotericin B is a powerful \_\_\_\_\_ drug
antifungal
Tamiflu and acyclovir are examples of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ drugs
antiviral
