Test 2 Intro to Metabolism

Question 1

Catabolism

Answer 1

The breakdown of complex molecules into their smaller components

Question 2

Anabolism

Answer 2

The synthesis of complex molecules from their simpler subunits

Question 3

True or False: Anabolic pathways are typically endergonic

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Energy

Answer 4

1.Capacity to do work
2. Cause change

Question 5

What are two units of energy?

Answer 5

Joules and calories

Question 6

What are the three kinds of work?

Answer 6

Chemical, Transport, and mechanical

Question 7

Thermodynamics

Answer 7

The study of energy change in a system

Question 8

First law of thermodynamics

Answer 8

The law of conservation; states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, and that it can only be transformed or redistributed

Question 9

Second law of thermodynamics

Answer 9

State that entropy (or disorder) in the universe is always increasing

Question 10

Exergonic reactions

Answer 10

Reactions that release energy and have a negative DG

Question 11

Endergonic reactions

Answer 11

Reactions that consume energy and have a positive DG

Question 12

Energy coupling

Answer 12

Occurs when energy released from an exergonic reaction is used to fuel an endergonic reaction.

Question 13

High-energy compound

Answer 13

1.Compound with excess energy
2. Used to drive reactions.

Question 14

Oxidation

Answer 14

The loss of an electron.

Question 15

Reduction

Answer 15

The gain of an electron

Question 16

In a redox reaction, the electron donor is _________ and the electron accept is _________

Answer 16

oxidized; reduced

Question 17

Cellular respiration is a redox reaction in which glucose is (reduced/oxidized)

Answer 17

Oxidized

Question 18

Equilibrium constant for an oxidation-reduction reaction (E0)

Answer 18

The measure of a reducing agent’s tendency to lose electrons. (Also called the standard reduction potential.)

Question 19

A compound with a more negative E0 is a better electron ______, while a compound with a more positive E0 is a better electron _________.

Answer 19

donor; acceptor

Question 20

What are some examples of electron carriers?

Answer 20

FAD+, NAD+, NADP+, cytochromes and coenzyme Q

Question 21

True or false: ATP and ADP are electron carriers

Answer 21

False

Question 22

Enzyme

Answer 22

A biological catalyst that speeds up the rate of reaction by lowering the activation energy–the energy needed for the reaction to proceed through its high-energy transition state.

Question 23

Holoenzyme

Answer 23

The protein component of an enzyme (i.e., the apoenzyme) and the nonprotein component (i.e., the cofactor).

Question 24

Apoenzyme

Answer 24

The protein component of an enzyme

Question 25

Cofactor

Answer 25

1.The nonprotein component of an enzyme
2.Acts as a coenzyme or as a prosthetic group that is firmly attached to the enzyme.

Question 26

What are three factors that impact enzymatic activity?

Answer 26

1.pH
2.Temperature
3.substrate concentration

Question 27

Denaturation

Answer 27

Protein’s structure and function altered due to change from optimal temperature or pH levels

Question 28

Competitive inhibitors

Answer 28

Molecules that attach to the enzyme’s active site, prevent the substrate from binding.

Question 29

Noncompetitive inhibitors

Answer 29

Molecules that attach somewhere other than the enzyme’s active site, changing the enzyme’s shape and preventing the active site from accepting the substrate molecule.

Question 30

Feedback inhibition

Answer 30

1.When the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as a noncompetitive inhibitor for an enzyme in the metabolic pathway,
2. Shuts down pathway when enough of the end product is produced.