Test 3 Cells Final

Question 1

Endosymbiotic theory

Answer 1

Mitochondria and chloroplasts may once have been independent organisms that became incorporated into cells.

Question 2

Explain how the evolution of photosynthesis changed conditions of Earth’s atmosphere

Answer 2

Cyanobacteria transformed the atmosphere on early Earth by releasing oxygen produced by the photosynthesis

Question 3

3 pieces of evidence to support endosymbiotic theory

Answer 3

They each have their own DNA! (single circular chromosome)
They replicate without the help of the cell and are the only organelles to do so.
They each perform their own metabolic processes (photosynthesis and cellular respiration)
each have their own membrane, similar to the cell membrane

Question 4

3 Parts of Cell Theory

Answer 4

All living things or organisms are made of cells and their products.
New cells are created by old cells dividing into two.
Cells are the basic building units of life

Question 5

8 characteristics of living things

Answer 5

made of cells, reproduction, genetic code (DNA), growth and development, metabolism, response to stimulus, homeostasis, evolution

Question 6

Aerobic vs. anaerobic respiration

Answer 6

Aerobic def: cellular respiration occurring in the presence of oxygen
Anaerobic def: cellular respiration occurring in the absence of oxyge

Question 7

elationship between cellular respiration and the food we eat and its relationship to the carbon cycle

Answer 7

Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen
creates carbon dioxide, we breathe out carbon dioxide, plants breathe in carbon dioxide and continue cycle

Question 8

Memorize the equation for respiration

Answer 8

C6H12O6 + 6O2 —-> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

Question 9

difference between ATP & ADP and their role in the cell

Answer 9

ADP looks like ATP, except it has two phosphate groups instead of three
Cells can release energy stored in ATP by the controlled breaking of the chemical bonds between the second and third phosphate groups
If ATP is like a fully charged battery, ADP is like a rechargeable battery
Stuff is added to ADP to make ATP, which is then broken down tog et energy
ATP uses in the cell

Question 10

function of ATP in the cell

Answer 10

Stores and releases energy in the cell
To carry out active transport, ATP provides energy to keep sodium potassium pumps (which pump sodium ions out and potassium ions in ) working
Powers the synthesis of proteins
Powers responses to chemical signals at the cell surface

Question 11

Memorize the equation for photosynthesis

Answer 11

6CO2 + 6H2O —> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 12

Factors that affect photosynthesis

Answer 12

Temperature
Light intensity
Availability of water