Test 1 Intro to Bio + Water Pt. 1 Final

Question 1

Scientific methodology steps

Answer 1

Observing & asking questions
🡪 Making inferences
🡪 Forming hypotheses
🡪 Conducting controlled experiments
🡪 Collecting & analyzing data
🡪 Drawing conclusions

Question 2

observing and questioning

Answer 2

Observation - the act of noticing and describing events or processes in a careful, orderly way

Question 3

Inferring and forming a hypothesis

Answer 3

Inference - a logical interpretation based on what you already know.
hypothesis - a testable explanation for your observations.
Hypotheses have to be testable, doesn’t matter if they are wrong or right though

Question 4

designing controlled experiments

Answer 4

A variable is a factor that can change during an experiment, such as chemical composition, time, temperature, and light.
A controlled experiment is one in which a scientist tests a hypothesis by changing only one variable
The independent variable, or manipulated variable, is the one deliberately changed by the scientist.
The dependent variable, or responding variable, is something that changes in response to the independent variable.
The experimental group, is the one that has a manipulated variable.
The control group is the one that has all the same conditions as the experimental group, except for the one independent variable.

Question 5

collecting and analyzing data

Answer 5

Data, is information gathered through experimental observations.

Quantitative data is data collected with numbers that is measurable or countable. Ex: height of grass, number of blades of grass, mass of grass

Qualitative data is descriptive of characteristics and cannot be counted. Ex: “looks healthy” “it’s brighter” “there are more”

Question 6

hypothesis

Answer 6

a testable prediction based on preliminary evidence/observations

Question 7

theory

Answer 7

a well tested explanation for a wide-variety of phenomena
Ex. Cell Theory, Theory of Plate Tectonics, Theory of Evolution, etc.

Question 8

law

Answer 8

something that is universally true (usually in physics) – ex: Newton’s Laws

Question 9

biosphere

Answer 9

The environment in which all forms of life are linked on Earth

Question 10

Heredity

Answer 10

The passing on of traits from parents to offspring, determined by genetic factors
Ex. heredity happens with some human diseases

Question 11

measurements

Answer 11

1cm = 10mm
1mm = 1000 micrometers

Question 12

flask

Answer 12

narrow necked opening container, with the bottom going outward to a wider base

Question 13

advantage of a flask over a beaker

Answer 13

You can mix the substances in a flask by swirling it around without liquid splashing out
Good for heating because it can allow less or none to bubble out

Question 14

8 characteristics of life

Answer 14

made of cells, reproduction, genetic code (DNA), grow and develop, metabolism, respond oe environment (or stimulus), homeostasis, and evolution

Question 15

Cell theory

Answer 15

All living things or organisms are made of cells and their products.
New cells are created by old cells dividing into two.
Cells are the basic building units of life

Question 16

reproduction

Answer 16

Sexual: requires two individuals, exchange of genetic information, offspring are genetically unique
Cells from two parents unite to form the first cells of a new organism
Asexual: mitosis, single celled organism divides in two, or budding, plant propagation, etc
A single organism produces offspring identical to itself

Question 17

genetic code (DNA)

Answer 17

hereditary molecule of life
All living things have DNA
Structure is universal across all life
points to a common ancestor

Question 18

grow and develop

Answer 18

Grow: get bigger
Develop: change form

Question 19

metabolism

Answer 19

Obtain and use materials and energy
combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials

Question 20

stimulus def

Answer 20

A signal to which an organism responds
Ex. touch, sound, sunlight, etc.

Question 21

homeostasis

Answer 21

maintain stable internal environment
The condition of organisms to keep their internal environment relatively stable, regardless of external conditions

Question 22

evolution

Answer 22

As a group, change over time (change in a population over time)
Living organisms evolving slowly over time in response to their environment

Question 23

Cellular respiration

Answer 23

One of the most common forms of metabolism, which occurs in all life on Earth, is cellular respiration
Cellular respiration - a way or cells to break down sugar and generate ATP, an energy molecule used in the body, powers all processes of the cell
Waste product of this process is always carbon dioxide,
sign of common ancestor
sugar + (usually) oxygen generate ATP, carbon dioxide, an water

Question 24

purpose of diaphragm on microscope

Answer 24

Used to vary the intensity and size of the light that is projected upwards onto the slide

Question 25

largest to smallest

Answer 25

Organism, organ, tissue, cell, organelle

Question 26

macromolecule

Answer 26

large molecules made up of repeating subunits known as monomers

Question 27

C

Answer 27

carbon

Question 28

N

Answer 28

nitrogen

Question 29

S

Answer 29

sulfur

Question 30

covalent bonds

Answer 30

Bonds in which two atoms share electrons in order to fill or empty their outer shells of valence electrons

Question 31

ionic bonds

Answer 31

Charged ions are electrostatically attracted to one another.
An Ionic bond is the bond formed by the complete transfer of valence electrons to attain stability in the outer shell of an atom

Question 32

hydrogen bonds

Answer 32

Attraction between a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge and another atoms with a partial negative charge

Question 33

carbon and life

Answer 33

One carbon can form up to 4 covalent bonds
This strength and abundance of possible bonds, and the potential for carbon to form chains with itself, makes it versatile: it can form rings, branched structures, long chains, double bonds, etc.