test 3: british rule and the american civil war

Question 1

define sovereign

Answer 1

autonomous; having the full and independent rights of a self-governing nation

Question 2

define oligarchy

Answer 2

a government where a small group of people hold all the power

Question 3

define clergy reserves

Answer 3

large tracts of land given to the anglican church by the canadian government

Question 4

define patriotes

Answer 4

people who strongly supported rebellion in french lower canada

Question 5

define conscientious objectors

Answer 5

people who refuse to participate in war for ethical reasons

Question 6

what was Jay’s Treaty?

Answer 6

a treaty meant to establish a good trade relationship between the americans and the british

Question 7

when the americans gained independance, why didnt they like the canadians?

Answer 7

canada was a place for loyalist refugees, and they also didnt hate britain

Question 8

define the treaty of paris (1763)

Answer 8

end of the 7 years war. French lost most of NF, britain was in control, and the FN lost all their french trading partners.

Question 9

define the royal proclamation (1763)

Answer 9

due to pontiac’s rebellion, the british made a new plan to govern north america by assimilating the french and keeping the FN happy by giving them the ohio valley.

Question 10

define the quebec act (1774)

Answer 10

an act put in place to keep the loyalty of the french by giving THEM the ohio valley. Also started to tax the settlers in the 13 colonies, making them even angrier.

Question 11

define the american war of independence (1776)

Answer 11

french remain loyal to britain, stay out of the fight. 13 colonies declare independence. British and their FN allies fight to stay in control but lose.

Question 12

define the treaty of paris (1783)

Answer 12

a treaty to end the american war of independence. French lost ohio, british lost war, $$$, land, USA got ohio valley and their independence, FN lose ohio and are under control of either britain or USA, depending on where they are.

Question 13

define the constitutional act (1791)

Answer 13

an act that divided BNA into upper and lower canada, giving each an elected assembly (assembly had no power because each colony also had an oligarchy that could veto anything, for lower it was the chateau clique and for upper it was the family compact)

Question 14

define the war of 1812

Answer 14

a war where the americans went to war against canada and their FN allies. (no one won the war)

Question 15

define the rebellions of 1837 (1837)

Answer 15

rebellions in upper and lower canada for a say in government. Neither were successful, and the government burned the homes of anyone involved.

Question 16

define the act of union (1841)

Answer 16

due to the rebellions, lord durham suggests that britain unites the 2 canadas into the province of canada, split into canada east and canada west. The british dominate their one legislative assembly and the french start getting assimilated.

Question 17

what was the difference in the ways the FN were treated by britain and france?

Answer 17

france treated the FN as independent sovereign nations and gave gifts in exchange for use of the land, while Britain just occupied the land, considered the FN as a “conquered people”. Also spread smallpox, and forced them to depend on british trade.

Question 18

who was Pontiac?

Answer 18

he was a FN leader allied with the french. He tried to be civil with his new british government but they wanted nothing to do with him. So, he started a resistance against the british, quickly taking over 9 of the 12 trade posts around the 13 colonies.

Question 19

what was the act of responsible government in 1849?

Answer 19

the start of democracy. Lord Elgin signed a bill to compensate the french for their losses in the rebellions of 1837.

Question 20

why did the americans consider the quebec act to be intolerable?

Answer 20

it was seen as an attempt to prevent their westward expansion.

Question 21

what started the american revolution? When? Where?

Answer 21

on april 19, 1775, at lexington, massachusetts, 77 american rebels fought 700 british tropps.

Question 22

explain the difference between american patriots and loyalists.

Answer 22

patriots wanted independence while loyalists were loyal to britain.

Question 23

who were the minutemen?

Answer 23

american soliders named after the fact that they were ready to get up and fight any minute.

Question 24

when did the american war of independence end?

Answer 24

in 1783 with the treaty of paris, which gave them independence as well as the ohio valley

Question 25

what happened to british loyalists after the american revolution ended?

Answer 25

they were prosecuted, and pretty much chased out of the USA, and had to live in canada

Question 26

how many loyalists arrived? What were the 2 main colonies that they joined?

Answer 26

100k total, 10k in quebec and 35k in nova scotia.

Question 27

how did the arrival of the loyalists change the demography of canada?

Answer 27

increased english speaking pop and the demand for farmland

Question 28

what were some of the issues the loyalists faced when they arrived?

Answer 28

britain promised them land in canada, but there were no farms or shelter ready, so all the loyalists had was what they brought.

Question 29

name the long-term results of the arrival of the loyalists

Answer 29

caused the consitutional act of 1791, where canada was divided into upper and lower canada (quebec and ontario today), indirectly started democracy because each half had an elected assembly, and turned canada into a bilingual nation.

Question 30

what 2 things did the angry canadians do before the rebellions of 1837?

Answer 30

tried to pass a new legislation, started a biased newspaper

Question 31

what political problems did the act of union cause in 1841?

Answer 31

political deadlock. Each half of canada had equal representation in the assembly, so they always tied on votes and couldnt get anything done.

Question 32

who waas lord elgin?

Answer 32

the dude who gave the legislative assembly more power in 1848 (governor of canada, starting 1848)

Question 33

who were the fenians?

Answer 33

irish immigrants in north america who wanted irish independence from britain,

Question 34

what challenges was canada facing after the act of union? What was their solution?

Answer 34

financial struggle because britain didnt need their resources anymore. Colonists wanted a railroad to make transport easier. British north america in it’s current state was incredibly hard to defend, and their american neighbours were looking for a fight. Confederation was the solution.

Question 35

describe britains involvment with the american civil war. How did this affect canada?

Answer 35

britain said they were neutral, but they bought products from the southern states (mostly cotton.) as a result, the northern states did NOT like canada.

Question 36

what was the trent affair?

Answer 36

union (northern) american ships stop a british ship and find confederate (southern) american agents on board. They took everyone on the ship as prisoners and only released them because Abe Lincoln told them to.

Question 37

what was the st albans raid?

Answer 37

a bunch of confederate soldiers attacked vermont (st albans) and then hid in canada, further pissing off the union

Question 38

what was “manifest destiny”? (no idea how to use that in a sentence lmao)

Answer 38

the union states believed they had a god-given-right to own all of north america (such fucking AMERICANS, am i right?)

Question 39

what were the fenian raids?

Answer 39

fenians (irish rebel immigrants) wanted to hold canada hostage in exchange for ireland’s independence from britain.

Question 40

what was “the end of reciprocity”

Answer 40

reciprocity is a trade agreement where both parties benefit. the USA ended their reciprocity agreement with canada, thinking it would weaken them for an attack.

Question 41

what was the imperial nudge?

Answer 41

britain didnt want canada anymore, and encouraged their confederation.

Question 42

which colonies wanted confederation? which didnt?

Answer 42

CE, CW, NB, NS wanted confederation. PEI and NF didnt.

Question 43

name the pros and cons of confederation for each colony.

Answer 43

CE- retain culture, protected from USA, but would be outnumbered by the english in government.

CW- would have a lot of government power

NB- open up trade without paying a lot for a railway, but would lose religion and trade with USA.

NS- protection from USA, but lose culture and trade with USA

PEI- no benefits. Hate british, high taxes on a railway that wont affect them, no pop so no rep.

NF- new trading, but wanted to keep their relationship with britain instead.

Question 44

define the british north america act of 1867

Answer 44

MAEK CANDANAAH EH!!1!!!1!

created the dominion of canada from canada east, canada west, nova scotia, and new brunswick

Question 45

what were the main pressures for confederation?

Answer 45

imperial nudge from bri’ish, afraid of ‘muricans

Question 46

who convinced the french canadiens of canada east to join confederation?

Answer 46

george etienne cartier

Question 47

what was the canadian government’s first plan to assimilate the first nations after confederation?

Answer 47

FN could have their own government, but the candian government could yeet their leaders. Also gave FN men free of debt and over 21 who could read/write the right to vote and free land, at the cost of losing their FN status, this was called the enfranchisement act.

Question 48

what were the 4 core components of the government used by the dominion of canada?

Answer 48

1. Constitutional monarchy (from britain), monarch represented by gov. general (mary simon
2. federal system (from USA) divide power between federal and provincial government
3. party system, candidates run as members of political parties, each one has a platform (belief), and each one elects a leader who will become the prime minister or the premier.
4. representative democracy, rep by pop with federal mp’s and provincial mla’s, who represent us to make laws. 338 mp’s in h of c.

Question 49

who were the selkirk settlers?

Answer 49

scottish farmers who were brought to the red river area in 1812-1816 by thomas douglas/lord selkirk (same person, 2 names???)

Question 50

what happened when the selkirk settlers arrived?

Answer 50

the colony was not ready, and winter was too soon to grow crops. the FN saved them by taking them to pembina (FN village right on the canada-USA border)

Question 51

what impact on metis culture did the selkirk settlers have?

Answer 51

they drove out the buffalo, which the metis had depended on until that point.

Question 52

YOOOOOO CARD 50

what was the pemmican proclamation?

Answer 52

miles macdonnell (HBC member), governor of selkirk in 1814, says no food can leave the colony (attempt to solve the starvation issues there)

Question 53

what was the result of the pemmican proclamation?

Answer 53

NWC members and metis people try to get rid of the HBC and the selkirk settlers. Miles Macdonnell orders THEM to get out, tension builds

Question 54

what was the battle of 7 oaks?

Answer 54

cuthbert grant and his group of metis people were travelling up the red river when they came to a blockade. They took a land route instead and ran into Governor Semple and the HBC at 7 oaks, where they fought.

Question 55

what big event did the battle of 7 oaks cause?

Answer 55

the merger of the HBC and NWC. They were tired of fighting.