Test 3 Art Flashcards
Wall painting with horses
Chauvet cave France
30000 BC
Oldest cave paintings
Feature shading modeling and perspective
Most likely a ritual gathering place
Beaker w ibex, dogs, and birds
Southwest Iran
5000 BC
Stylized animal forms on ceramics
Symbol of plenty since ibex, birds hounds are associated with the hunt
Stonehenge
England
2000 BC
Megalith
Timber side represents transience of life and stone is eternity of ancestral life
Shows that Neolithic peoples were capable of great cooperation
Worshipers and deities from the abu temple
Iraq
2900 BC
Temple visitors left a statue of themselves in perpetual prayer
Mesopotamian
Steel of Hammurabi
1760 BC
Mesopotamian
Stone carved with laws
Relief sculpture on top shows power of king Hammurabi
Palette of king narmer
Egypt
3000 BC
Canon of ideal proportions
Shows power of king
Queen Nefertiti
Egypt
1365 BC
Relaxed obsession with ka, move to monotheism
Naturalistic features and relaxed pose
Large water tank, possibly bathing area
Mohenjo Daro
2600 BC
Indus Valley civilization
Sophisticated drainage, fired durable bricks
Torso of a priest king
Mohenjo Daro
Indus River valley
2000 BC
Symmetrical and detailed representation of a priest king
Closed eyes commemorate subject’s death
Trefoil
Colossal head
Olmec culture
900 BC
Portraits of Olmec rulers
Unique head gear
Carved from basalt locates 50 miles away
Monks Mound
Illinois
Mississippian culture
1150 AD
Focal point of ritual center, mounds aligned with the sun at equinoxes, warfare played a role in life
Constructed over three centuries using millions of cubic feet of earth
The toreador
Crete
1500 BC
Fresco
Acrobatic ritual activity
Light skinned females and dark skinned male
Bull significant from Minotaur myth
The warrior vase
Mycenae
1200 BC
Ceramic
Depicts soldiers marching to war
Mycenaeans may have destroyed Minoan culture
Dorians may have destroyed Mycenaeans
Acropolis
Athens, Greece
400 BC
Celebration of human strength and power
Parthenon dedicated to Athena goddess of wisdom and war
Elevated site shows power of human engineering
Nike
Athens, Greece
410 BC
Relief sculpture
Greek naturalism- Sense of body weight and modeling
Gods are personified, have human strengths and weaknesses
Buckling her sandal
Drapery carving
Augustus of Primaporta
Roman
20 BC
Naturalism similar time Greeks
First ruler of Roman Empire
Extended arm shows future aspirations, military uniform shows commander in chief, Cupid claims God-like ancestry
Arch of Titus
Rome
81 AD
Triumphal arch with barrel vault
Decoration as propaganda proclaiming glory Titus and Rome
Memorial for Titus
Great Wall of China
Beijing
200 BC
Built to discourage nomadic invaders and to connect the Empire
Qin Shihuangdi
Lady at of Dai with Attendants
China Han dynasty
168 BC
Painted silk in tomb
Represents conception of the cosmos, underworld at the bottom, earth in the middle, heavens at to
Prosperity due to silk trade route
The great Stupa
India
150 BC
Shrine with relics of Buddha
Power in religious virtue
Pilgrims circled it clockwise to be put in harmonious state
Dome symbolizes earth
The dome of the rock
Jerusalem
680
Intersection of 3 faiths
Ambulatory
Islamic pilgrimage site
Santa Costanza
Rome
354
Mausoleum tomb for costanza
Influenced Christian architecture
Barrel vault and ambulatory
Hagia Sophia
Istanbul
532
Visually illustrate power
Pendentives
Standard design for Byzantine churches
Mosaics/ tesserae
Christ, Deesis mosaic
Hagia Sophia
13th century
Mosaic/ tesserae
Inside Hagia Sophia
Symbolic and mystical, not natural
Courtyard of the Great Mosque of Damascus
705
Mosque, hypostyle space
Community gathering place
Tile Mosaic Mihrab
Midrasa Imami, Iran
1354
Calligraphy
Qibla, mihrab
Sanctuary of the mosque
Cordoba, Spain
786
Two tiers of arches
Hypostyle- easily expandable
Giselbertus, Last Judgement
France
1125
Romanesque
Tympanum
Popular subject
Educate the masses in the Christian message
Chartres Cathedral
France
1134, 1507
Rose window
Sense of elevation that is both physical and spiritual
Gothic and Romanesque tower
Choir of Cologne Cathedral
Germany
13th and 14th centuries
Gothic
Sense of weightlessness
Shiva as Lord of the Dance
11th century
Icon for Hindu temple
Dance of destruction needed to create anew
The Goddess Durga killing th e buffalo demon
Mashiba
12th century
Goddess as protector, defeating evil in the world
All powerful being
Kandarya Mahadeva temple
India
1025
Towers suggest mountain peaks
Sacred interior space below tallest peak
Garbhagriha
Head of a king (Oni)
Ice culture, Nigeria
13 th century
Scarification
Sense of permanence
Emphasize head as home of the spirit
Bird carved from soapstone
Shona culture
Zimbabwe
1200
Represent decease Shona rulers
Human features
Crocodile symbol of royalty
Beta Ghiorghis
Zagwe culture
Ethiopia
13th century
Subtractive carving
Hollowed inside
The Limbourg Brothers
Les Tres Riches Heures du Duc de Berry
1413
Example of shift from abstraction to naturalism during the Renaissance
Humans represented as casting shadows
Some perspectival accuracy
Donatello
David
1425
First life size nude sculpture
Contrapposto
Masaccio
The Tribute Money
1427
Biblical story of Christ
Near fully realistic representation
Chiaroscuro, consistent singular light source
Atmosphere and linear perspective, vanishing point
Botticelli
The Birth of Venus
1482
Divinity of the nude figure
First monumental representation of the nude goddess since ancient times
Leonardo da Vinci
A scythed Chariot, Armored carC and Pike
1487
Desire to create machines of war
Demonstrates breadth of his areas of interest
Leonardo da Vinci
Mona Lisa
1503
Likely a portrait of Florentine bankers wife
Goes beyond physical description- unique ambiguous psychology
Raphael
The school of Athens
1510
Most important commission of the time
Fresco to decorate papal apartments - theme is philosophy
Gathering of scientists- Plato and Aristotle aligned with vanishing point
Symmetry and linear perspective
Durer
Self portrait
1500
Painted many self portraits- importance of the individual (humanism)
Appears Christ like
Bernini
Colonnade of St Peters cathedral
1657
Represent embrace of the church
Make Rome magnificent for the greater glory of God and the church
Bernini
The Cornaro Family in a theater Box
1647
Dramatic space
Hidden window, divine light
Carved marble spectators view St Teresa
Bernini
The Ecstasy of St Theresa
1647
Dramatic space
Hidden window, divine light
Carved marble spectators view St Teresa
Caravaggio
The Calling of St Matthew
1599
Naturalistic secularized style of his own
Christ has faint halo amidst high contrast of light and dark
Biblical scene in everyday setting
Divine light above Christ
Rembrandt
The Resurrection of Christ
1635
Uses light for emotional effect
Symbolic of true knowledge
Ignorant Roman soldiers are in darkness, Christ is calm
Van Ruisdael
View of Haarlem from the dunes at Overveen
1679
View of sky against a large church
Majesty of Gods work seen in landscape
Light and shadow reference to knowledge and ignorance
Delacroix
Odalisque
1845
Romantic style, odalisque
Texture of paint to communicate passionate atmosphere
Much more dynamic sensuous pose
Turner
The Upper Falls of the Reichenbach
1810
Landscapes on large scales, attention to light
Mist and light are focus
Nature is indifferent to human existence
Depict the sublime
Friedrich
Monk by the Sea
1809
Terrifying side of sublime- vast dark space
Romanticism
Experiencing Gods power
Goya
Saturn Devouring one of his Sons
1820
Romanticism
Brutal interpretations of mythological scenes
Time consumes us all
Reflect terror violence and horror
Courbet
Burial at Ornans
1849
Realism
Rejected from universal exposition
Panorama of distraction, burial site is pushed upon viewer
Dedicated to represented reality of daily life
Manet
Luncheon on the Grass
1863
Realism Shocked viewers Inspired from renaissance engraving Focus on brazen nudity, staring figure Deliberate rejection of traditional subjects and illusionist depth Contempt for the bourgeoise
Degas
The Glass of Absinthe
1875
Broad visible paintbrush strokes
Realism
Underbelly of cafe society in Paris (absinthe is banned)
Dazed absent look of the subject (consequence of absinthe)
Monet
Impression- Sunrise
1872
Loose brushstrokes
Impressionism
Bright intense hues, synthetic paint
Capture the play of light
Monet
Carnival on the Boulevard des Capucines
1873
Depicting exhibition space
Impressionism
Loose brushwork captures sensation of the scene
Renoir
Bal du Moulin de la Galette
1876
Suburban dancers
Impressionism
Figures are friends of the artist
Dappled light
Morisot
Reading
1873
Leisure
Impressionism
Subject is artists sister
Cart in background is loosely rendered
Bonheur
Plowing in the nivernais
1849
Response to French Revolution
realism
Virtue of working the land, most famous female artist
Role of artist to value the everyday, low, and ugly
Braque
Violin and Palette
1909
Cubism
Curves of violin are flattened and cubes
3D nail meant as playful contrast- reality of painting and world
Picasso
Guitar sheet music and wine glass
1912
Collage
Cubism
Art engages with realities of the world
Duchamp
LHOOQ
1919
Challenged tradition
Title is irreverent joke about Mona Lisa
Dada
Readymade
Duchamp
Fountain
1917
Urinal as readymade
Dada
Is it art?
Interest in ideas over visual products
Dali
The persistence of memory
1931
Surrealism
Self portrait of dallanscape removed from time, removed for the mind
Rivera
Man controller of the universe
1934
Influence of politics in art
Mexican government initiated massive building campaign
Controversial- Lenin
Changed locations
Picasso
Guernica
1937
Greatest political painting Spanish civil war in 1937 Abstract painting Dying horse= dreamers creativity Bull = spain Lightbulb = new way of seeing
O’keefe
Purple hills near Abiquiu
1935
Preferred realist approach, popularities my of photography
Formal qualities, organic features of a body
Hopper
Nighthawks
1942
Emotional isolation of Americans
Simplicity of design
Physical closeness but emotional distance
Al-Hadid
Nollis orders
2012
Collision of diverse and irreconcilable forms
Human forms into pyramidal structure
Monumental in scale, collapsed in single space, contemporary body trapped in multiple spaces
Durham
Headlights
1983
Accept multiple identities
Fake Indian artifact
Expose tendency to see things produced by natives as artifacts
Bradley
Indian country today
1996
Kachina
Commercialization if native tradition
Ever present protective spirits- Mesa looks like kachina
Ai Weiwei
Han dynasty urn with Coca Cola logo
1994
New global economy, activist
Transform artifacts into vandalism
Cultural and economic values in contemporary society
Nawa
Pixcell-deer #24
2011
Interface between technology and nature
Transparent glass beads on taxidermists deer
Magnify and distort
Deer is symbol in Japanese cultural traditions
Weems
You became a scientific profile
1995
African American voice
series of photographs of slaves enlarged and reshot through red lens
Power of camera lens
Give a voice to a subject with none
Weems
A Negroid type
1995
African American voice
series of photographs of slaves enlarged and reshot through red lens
Power of camera lens
Give a voice to a subject with none
Marshall
Many mansions
1994
Mediation on African American experienced
Embraces ironies within painting
Public housing projects called gardens but don’t have any
Easter baskets symbolize hope and materialism
Chagoya
Crossing I
1994
Ironies- psychological border between Mexico and US
Pop art meets indigenous Aztec style
Banksy
Kissing coppers
2005
Graffiti
Banksy is a pseudonym
Critiquing the art world and the art market
Allora and Calzadilla
Algorithm
2011
Transform everyday objects into strange and absurd ones
Critique
Atm machine attached to pipe organ
