Test 2 Vocab Flashcards
Symmetrical balance
When two halves of a composition correspond to one another in terms of size, shape, and placement of forms
Asymmetrical balance
Balance achieved in a composition when neither side reflects or mirrors the other
Emphasis
The place of visual attention
Focal point
The center of visual attention, where viewer’s gaze is drawn
Afocal
No single point of the composition of demands our attention more or less than any other, the eye can find no place to rest
Scale
The comparative size of an object in relation to other objects outside itself
Proportion
In any composition, the relationship between the parts to each other and to the whole
Unity and variety
Complementary principles; typically both present, one more so than the other
Rhythm
shapes, colors, or pattern repeated over and over
Repetition
A thing repeated
Cartoon
Drawing done to scale for a painting or a fresco
Dry media
Metal point, chalk, charcoal, graphite, pastel
Liquid media
Pen and ink, wash and brush
Silverpoint
silver applied to prepared paper
create permanent delicate lines
Graphite
Carbon in pencil
sharp lines or graduations of tone
Charcoal
Sticks of burnt wood
fine lines, tonal graduations or bold gestural marks
Ink
Pigment suspended in water
With pen: precise lines
With brush: wide range of line quality
Support
Surface on which an artist paints
Ground
Coating applied to a support to prepare it for painting
Pigment
Powdered color
organic or synthetic
Binder
Substance that holds pigment together
Encaustic
Pigment mixed with hot wax
requires strong support such as wood
Permanent, demanding, naturalism
Fresco
Pigment mixed directly into plaster of wall
becomes part of the architecture
artist must work quickly
Giornata
From Italian “a day’s work”, the area a fresco painter is able to complete in a single sitting
Tempera
Pigment mixed with egg yolk
glossy, thin, transparent
fine details
Watercolor
Pigment mixed with water, prepared paper.
No white watercolor
Light weight, fluid, gestural effects
Vanitas
A tradition of still life painting popular in Europe in the 17th century, reminding the viewer of the frivolous quality, or vanity, of human existence
Oil paint
Linseed oil binder
slow to dry
most accurate 3-D effects possible
Photography- uniqueness
Requires little skill, nothing is created, ubiquitous
recording tool and artistic device
Photography – history
First photo 1826
Means drawing with light
film to digital camera
similar to the human eye
Camera Obscura
means dark room
box with a pinhole, light creates an upside down image
Heliograph
Sun writing
Niepce’s early photographic process
Daguerreotype
invented by DAGUERRE,
treated metal plates
detailed positive image
Cyanotype
Cameraless image
chemical process produces blue color where light penetrates and remains white where light is blocked
Portrait
Image of a person, focuses on the face
Landscape
visible features of land
aesthetic appeal considered
Zone system
A picture broken up into zones ranging from black to white
Photo journalism
The use of photography to tell a news story
Impression
Image transferred onto paper through print making processes
Matrix
Surface upon which the design for the print has been created. Examples include metal plate, linoleum, or nylon
Relief (printmaking)
Raised area is printed
linocut and woodcut
Intaglio
Recessed area is printed
engraving and etching
Registration
align multiple blocks on the same paper
multiple colors
Wood cut
Linocut
Artist carves block of wood or linoleum, raised areas are printed on paper
Reliefs
Engraving
Artist carves directly into metal plate
print from gouged out areas
Intaglio
Etching
Metal plate is covered with acid resistant material, artists scrapes away this coating, acid deepens areas without coating.
recessed area is printed (Intaglio)
Lithograph
Limestone holds ink through chemical processes
oil and water do not mix
Retains drawing characteristics (brushstrokes)
Silkscreen
similar to stenciling
connection to mass production
broad, smooth plains of color
Print making (2 reasons)
1) artist can make multiple copies
2) artist can make more money… more affordable for general public
Sculpture
A 3-D tangible work of art
usually not functional
mass and environment are relevant
Subtractive process
Artist starts with a block of material and cuts away or subtracts unwanted material, carving
Additive process
Artist starts with nothing and adds material to create a form
casting
Carving
artist cuts away unwanted portions to create a form
Subtractive process
Casting
Artist creates model, uses mold to replicate the model in a permanent material
Clay/bronze, kiln firing and ceramics
Additive process
Kiln
An oven used for firing ceramics
Firing
baking clay pieces in kiln
clay pieces become durable and hard
Ceramics
Clay pieces that have been fired in a kiln
Lost wax casting process
Assembly of wood is packed with a layer of clay, then wax, then Clay. The mold is hardened and the wax drains when heated. Then molten bronze is poured and allowed to harden. The Clay shell is broken and the bronze sculpture is revealed
Relief sculpture
A sculpture that is made up of both a background in a protruding design
Best viewed from one vantage point
Low relief sculpture
Sculpture in which figures and objects remain attached to the background and protrude of it by less than 1/2 their normal depth
High relief sculpture
Figures remain attached to background
protrude by MORE than 1/2 their normal depth.
Freestanding/ in-the-round sculpture
Not attached to anything and stands on its own
viewed from multiple perspectives
Earthwork
artist uses nature to create the piece.
Site specific, and often change over time
Environment
Large scale sculptures
Immersive experience- viewer can enter into the space of the sculpture
Ka
In ancient Egypt, the spirit of the deceased
