test 3 Flashcards
Internal oblique runs?
downward and backward
External oblique muscle runs?
downwards and forward
Superficial (camper’s fascia) is continuous with?
superficial fascia of perineum and thigh
Deep layer (scarpa’s fascia) is firmly attached to?
fascia lata of the thigh just below inguinal ligament.
Liver lies mostly in what region?
right hypochondrium and epigastric region
the spleen, fundus of stomach, and body of stomach lie in what region?
Left hypochondrium region
Subcostal plane lies at inferior margin of?
Rib 10, LV3 level
Transtubercular plane joins?
Tubercles of iliac crest. LV5 level
Umbilicus lies at what vertebral levels?
LV2 and LV5
What muscle acts as an internal back brace? And what direction do its fibers run?
Transversus abdominus. Fibers run horizontally across abdomen.
Linea alba lies between?
Left and right rectus abdominus muscles
What gives the washboard six pack appearance? What does this muscle fuse with?
Tendinous intersection. This muscle fuses with rectus sheath
Anterior abdominal wall muscles are often active in?
coughing and sneezing (forced expiration), defecation, vomitting, micturation, parturition.
Rectus sheath is formed by?
aponeurosis of the ext oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominus.
Rectus sheath encloses?
Rectus abdominus muscle, pyramidalis muscle, sup epigastric v and a, inf epigastric v and a, ant primary rami of lower six thoracic nerves.
What ab muscle is often missing?
Pyramidalis muscle
Above arcuate line the aponeurosis of the internal oblique splits to enclose what musle?
rectus abdominus
Urachus is?
Embryonic Bladder
Median umbilical fold contains?
Urachus
Medial Umbilical fold contains?
obliterated umbilical artey
Lateral umbilical fold contains?
Inferior epigastric vessels
Ligamentum teres:
Contains the obliterated umbilical vein and is the free edge of the falciform ligament which is attached to the liver.
Blood supply to Ant Abdominal Wall
Sup epigastric, inf epigastric, lumbar arteries, deep circumflex iliac artery.
Abdominal wall innervatedby what nerves? Between what two muscles do these nerves run?
Lowe six thoracic nerves (7-12). They run between internal oblique and transversus abdominus
Inguinal canal transmits?
Spermatic cord, round ligament of uterus, ilioinguinal nerve
Conjoint tendon (inguinal falx) formed by fusion of? Stengthens what?
Aponeurosis of internal oblique and transversus abdominus. The conjoint tendon strengthens the posterior wall of the medial half o f the inguinal canal.
Superficial inguinal ring is triangular opening in?
External oblique aponeurosis.
Superficial inguinal ring transmits?
Spermatic cord, round ligament of the uterus, ilioinguinal nerve
Inguinal triangle bounded?
Medially by lateral edge of rectus abdominis muscle. Laterally by the inferior epigastric vessels. Inferiorly by inguinal ligament.
Inguinal hernia
inguinal triangle is area of potential weakness in ant ab wall and therefore direct inguinal hernias can occur here
What are two anatomical adaptations that strengthen inguinal canal?
Inguinal canal is oblique in adults which allows canal to be compresses by ab muscles which narrows inguinal canal (half sphincter mechanism). Conjoint tendon which reinforces posterior wall of inguinal canal.
Why are inguinal hernias more common in males?
Inguinal canal is larger to allow passage of spermatic cord. And the scrotum is an outpouching of ant ab wall which creates a large potential space for ab viscera to fill
