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CSC 100 > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the three characteristics of an object oriented program.

A

Encapsulation
Polymorphism
Inheritance

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2
Q

Encapsulation

A

hides the complex operations from the rest of the program

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3
Q

Polymorphism

A

changes the data type on the fly

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4
Q

Inheritance

A

a mechanism by which one class acquires the properties, data fields, and methods of another class.

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5
Q

What is a compiler?

A

a program that translates a high level language program into machine code.

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6
Q

What is an interpreter?

A

a program that translates and executes the statements in sequence
on the fly translation

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7
Q

Control Structures

A

looping
control
selection

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8
Q

Looping Control

A

for, while

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9
Q

Sequence Control

A

starts at the beginning and runs the program in sequence until the end

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10
Q

Selection Control

A

case

if

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11
Q

Boot Sequence

A
  • Power on system
  • Hardware check with program called POST
  • Instructions in ROM tell computer where boot devices are located
  • Boot sector of hard drive holds information about computer operating system
  • A kernel is created with drivers to access hardware
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12
Q

Operating systems

A 
Human users
application software
operating system
other system software
hardware
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13
Q

Application Software

A

software written to address specific needs to solve problems in the real world

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14
Q

System Software

A

software that manages a computer system at a fundamental level

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15
Q

Roles of an Operating System

A
  • manages computer resources, such as memory and input/output
  • provides an interface through which a human can interact with the computer
  • allows an application program to interact with these other system resource
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16
Q

Paged Memory Technique

A

a technique in which processes are divided into fixed-size pages and stored in memory frames when loaded

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17
Q

Frame

A

A fixed size portion of main memory that holds a process page

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18
Q

Page

A

A fixed size portion of a process that is stored into a memory frame

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19
Q

Demand paging

A

an extension of paged memory management in which pages are brought into memory on demand

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20
Q

Page swap

A

the act of bringing in a page from secondary memory, which often causes another page to be written back to secondary memory

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21
Q

Virtual Memory

A

the illusion that there are no restrictions on the size of a program because an entire process doesn’t have to be in memory at the time

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22
Q

Thrashing

A

inefficient processing caused by constant page swaps

23
Q

File

A

a names collection of related data, used for organizing secondary memory

24
Q

File System

A

the operating system’s logical view of the files it manages

25
Directory
a named group of files
26
Text File
file that contains characters from the ASCII or Unicode character sets
27
Binary File
file that contains data in a specific format, requiring special interpretation of its bits
28
File Type
kind of information contained in a document
29
File Extension
part of a file name that indicates the type | ex, file name . file extension
30
Parent directory
the containing directory
31
Subdirectory
directory being contained
32
Directory Tree
a logical view of a file system; a structure showing the nested directory organization of a file system
33
Root Direcotry
directory at the highest level
34
Working Directory
subdirectory in which you are working
35
Path
test designation of the location of a file or subdirectory in a file system
36
Absolute Path
path that begins at the root and includes all successive subdirectories
37
Relative Path
path name that begins at the current working directory
38
Spreadsheet
software application that allows the user to organize and analyze data using a grid labeled cells
39
What kind of data can be captured in cells of a spreadsheet
data | formula
40
What is a data base?
structured set of data
41
What are data bases good at organizing?
large quantities of unstructured data
42
What are spreadsheets used for?
``` Track sale analyze statistics maintain student grades car maintenance log travel expenses ```
43
What is key field?
database record that uniquely identifies it among all other records
44
Information system
Software that helps the user organize and analyze data
45
Electronic spreadsheets and database management systems
software tools that allow the user to organize, manage, and analyze data in various ways
46
Database management systems (DBMS)
combination of software and data, made up of a physical database, a database engine, and a database schema
47
Physical Database
collection of files that contain the data
48
Key
one or more fields of a database record that uniquely identifies it among all other records in the table.
49
What is a Turing Test
test to determine if a computer has achieved intelligence
50
Artificial Intelligence
study of computer systems that model and apply the intelligence of the human mind
51
Natural Language Processing Ambiguities
Lexical Syntactical Referential
52
Lexical Ambiguities
ambiguity created when words have multiple meanings
53
Syntactical Ambiguities
when sentences can be constructed in various ways
54
Referential Ambiguities
pronouns could be applied to multiple objects

CSC 100 (5 decks)

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