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CSC 100 > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the three characteristics of an object oriented program.

A

Encapsulation
Polymorphism
Inheritance

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2
Q

Encapsulation

A

hides the complex operations from the rest of the program

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3
Q

Polymorphism

A

changes the data type on the fly

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4
Q

Inheritance

A

a mechanism by which one class acquires the properties, data fields, and methods of another class.

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5
Q

What is a compiler?

A

a program that translates a high level language program into machine code.

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6
Q

What is an interpreter?

A

a program that translates and executes the statements in sequence
on the fly translation

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7
Q

Control Structures

A

looping
control
selection

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8
Q

Looping Control

A

for, while

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9
Q

Sequence Control

A

starts at the beginning and runs the program in sequence until the end

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10
Q

Selection Control

A

case

if

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11
Q

Boot Sequence

A
  • Power on system
  • Hardware check with program called POST
  • Instructions in ROM tell computer where boot devices are located
  • Boot sector of hard drive holds information about computer operating system
  • A kernel is created with drivers to access hardware
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12
Q

Operating systems

A 
Human users
application software
operating system
other system software
hardware
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13
Q

Application Software

A

software written to address specific needs to solve problems in the real world

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14
Q

System Software

A

software that manages a computer system at a fundamental level

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15
Q

Roles of an Operating System

A
  • manages computer resources, such as memory and input/output
  • provides an interface through which a human can interact with the computer
  • allows an application program to interact with these other system resource
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16
Q

Paged Memory Technique

A

a technique in which processes are divided into fixed-size pages and stored in memory frames when loaded

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17
Q

Frame

A

A fixed size portion of main memory that holds a process page

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18
Q

Page

A

A fixed size portion of a process that is stored into a memory frame

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19
Q

Demand paging

A

an extension of paged memory management in which pages are brought into memory on demand

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20
Q

Page swap

A

the act of bringing in a page from secondary memory, which often causes another page to be written back to secondary memory

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21
Q

Virtual Memory

A

the illusion that there are no restrictions on the size of a program because an entire process doesn’t have to be in memory at the time

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22
Q

Thrashing

A

inefficient processing caused by constant page swaps

23
Q

File

A

a names collection of related data, used for organizing secondary memory

24
Q

File System

A

the operating system’s logical view of the files it manages

25
Q

Directory

A

a named group of files

26
Q

Text File

A

file that contains characters from the ASCII or Unicode character sets

27
Q

Binary File

A

file that contains data in a specific format, requiring special interpretation of its bits

28
Q

File Type

A

kind of information contained in a document

29
Q

File Extension

A

part of a file name that indicates the type

ex, file name . file extension

30
Q

Parent directory

A

the containing directory

31
Q

Subdirectory

A

directory being contained

32
Q

Directory Tree

A

a logical view of a file system; a structure showing the nested directory organization of a file system

33
Q

Root Direcotry

A

directory at the highest level

34
Q

Working Directory

A

subdirectory in which you are working

35
Q

Path

A

test designation of the location of a file or subdirectory in a file system

36
Q

Absolute Path

A

path that begins at the root and includes all successive subdirectories

37
Q

Relative Path

A

path name that begins at the current working directory

38
Q

Spreadsheet

A

software application that allows the user to organize and analyze data using a grid labeled cells

39
Q

What kind of data can be captured in cells of a spreadsheet

A

data

formula

40
Q

What is a data base?

A

structured set of data

41
Q

What are data bases good at organizing?

A

large quantities of unstructured data

42
Q

What are spreadsheets used for?

A 
Track sale
analyze statistics
maintain student grades
car maintenance log
travel expenses
43
Q

What is key field?

A

database record that uniquely identifies it among all other records

44
Q

Information system

A

Software that helps the user organize and analyze data

45
Q

Electronic spreadsheets and database management systems

A

software tools that allow the user to organize, manage, and analyze data in various ways

46
Q

Database management systems (DBMS)

A

combination of software and data, made up of a physical database, a database engine, and a database schema

47
Q

Physical Database

A

collection of files that contain the data

48
Q

Key

A

one or more fields of a database record that uniquely identifies it among all other records in the table.

49
Q

What is a Turing Test

A

test to determine if a computer has achieved intelligence

50
Q

Artificial Intelligence

A

study of computer systems that model and apply the intelligence of the human mind

51
Q

Natural Language Processing Ambiguities

A

Lexical
Syntactical
Referential

52
Q

Lexical Ambiguities

A

ambiguity created when words have multiple meanings

53
Q

Syntactical Ambiguities

A

when sentences can be constructed in various ways

54
Q

Referential Ambiguities

A

pronouns could be applied to multiple objects

CSC 100 (5 decks)

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