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CSC 100 > past test review > Flashcards

past test review Flashcards

1
Q

explain the function of the IR

A

instruction register -

register that contains the instruction of what is currently being executed

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2
Q

PC

A

program counter

register that contains the address of the information of instructions to be executed next

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3
Q

3 uses of embedded systems

A

have smaller specific programs within that do a specific type of tasks and subtasks
multi- uses, saves space, abstraction, mulitiple processes opportunity

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4
Q

list and explain 4 steps of the fetch cycle

A

fetch the instruction
decode the instructions
get data
execute instruction

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5
Q

two types of testing methodologies and their type of testing

A

clear box tests all lines of code of a program

black box testing tests a programs parameters and all possible input values

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6
Q

describe the major differences between the methods human use to solve problems verus how computer solve problems

A

humans are abstract and recursive and computer are concrete and must be guided through a problem for a solution

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7
Q

binary search algorithm

A

uses divide and conquer method which breaks down a problem into smaller components that are easier to solve

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8
Q

list 3 types of program control structures

A

looping - uses true or false statements
selections - if, case,
sequence - begins at first line of code and runs through every line until all is executed then program exits

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9
Q

data structure only allows one type of data to be used

A

array

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10
Q

abstraction

A

is a mental model that takes care of complex processes. it means you don’t have to know the overly complex processes that go on in order to use it

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11
Q

revolutionary advance in the fourth generation computing transpired that made personal computers a reality

A

thousands of transistors

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12
Q

3 major events in the 5th generation software

A

world wide web, programming languages, microsoft programs

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13
Q

3 disciplines that make up the computer science disciplines

A

engineering math and science

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14
Q

3 steps required to create a negative number

A

write the number in binary
write the compliment
add 1

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15
Q

binary digit

A

single binary value 0,1

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16
Q

describe to process of representing color to a computing system

A

you represent the color to a computer through degrees of saturation with 2 colors, red, blue, and green

17
Q

temporal compression

A

based on evaluating and removing redundant information between consecutive frames

18
Q

spatial compressing

A

video compression based on removing redundant information from within a single fram

19
Q

lossless compression technique

A

compression in which no information is lost

20
Q

digitize data

A

is is the act of transporting data into discrete information, either one or off with different lengths to represent frequency

21
Q

6 different types of gates

A 
NOT
AND
OR
XOR
NAND 
NOR
22
Q

circuit

A

group of gates that recieve various electronic input signals for a specific purpose or outputs

23
Q

inheritance

A

mechanism in which one class acquired the properties data fields and methods of another class

24
Q

compiler

A

hides the complex processes from the rest of the program

25
Q

list 3 programming control structures

A

control
selection
looping

26
Q

boot sequence

A

power up system
hardware check in program called POST
instruction in ROM tells where boot devices are located
boot sector holds information about the computer operating system
a kernel is created with drivers to access hardware

27
Q

what is application software

A

is written to address specific real world problems

28
Q

3 roles of operating system

A

manages the computers resources
human interface so humans can interact with the computer
allows other programs to interact with other system software

29
Q

memory frame

A

fixed size portion of main memory that holds the process page

30
Q

memory page

A

fixed size portion of a process that is stored in the memory frame

31
Q

directory

A

collection of files and its subdirectories useful for finding information in a file system

32
Q

root directory

A

directory at its highest level

33
Q

binary file

A

file in a specific format that requires a special translation to interpret its bits

34
Q

2 types of data that are captured in the cell of a spreadsheet

A

texts/numbers

data/forumulas

35
Q

type of data does a database excel at managing?

A

accounting
car payments
mortgages

36
Q

turing machine

A

tests whether a computer has achieved artificial intelligence

37
Q

what are the three natural language processing ambiguities?

A

lexical
syntactical
referential

38
Q

key field

A

one or more fields of a database record that uniquely identifies it among all other records in the table

CSC 100 (5 decks)

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