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CSC 100 > Test 1 (Chapt. 1-4) > Flashcards

Test 1 (Chapt. 1-4) Flashcards

1
Q

What is a computing system?

A

Computer hardware, software and data which interact to solve problems

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2
Q

What is computer hardware?

A

The physical elements of a computing system

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3
Q

What is Computer software?

A

The programs that provide the instructions that a computer executes

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4
Q

What is Abstraction?

A

A mental model that removes the complex details

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5
Q

What is abstraction in a computer?

A

Car, we don’t need to understand how a car works to drive one. We don’t need to understand all the complex operations of a computer to use one

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6
Q

First computers

A

Harvard Mark 1, ENIAC

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7
Q

First personal computer

A

MITS Altair

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8
Q

What was the first computer used for?

A

collecting census numbers

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9
Q

Fourth Generation Computing Hardware

A

large scale integration
thousands of transistors used
microcomputer decade had arrived
beginning of the personal computer explosion

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10
Q

Parallel Computing

A

multiple processors executing instructions independently of each other

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11
Q

Networking

A

a government run internet for sharing data between agencies

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12
Q

First Computer Language

A

binary. consists of 0’s and 1’s

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13
Q

Software translators

A

translate programs written in assembly code

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14
Q

Fifth Generation Software

A
  • Microsoft became world known in PC software
  • Object oriented design programming languages
  • World Wide Web
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15
Q

Computer Disciplines

The three disciplines computer science was born from

A
  • Engineering
  • Science
  • Math
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16
Q

Numbering Systems

A
  • Binary, 0 and 1
  • Decimal, 0-9
  • Hex, 4 bit, 0-9, A-F
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17
Q

What numbering system do computers understand?

A

Binary

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18
Q

What numbering system do people understand?

A

Decimal

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19
Q

What numbering system do network based systems understand?

A

Hex

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20
Q

Two’s Compliment

A
  1. Write number in binary value
  2. Compliment bits
  3. Add one
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21
Q

How can a computer subtract numbers with only the addition operator?

A

using 3 bits

2^3 = 8 unique numbers

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22
Q

Binary Digit

A

A digit in the binary number system, 0 or 1

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23
Q

Bit

A

Binary digit

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24
Q

Byte

A

Eight binary digits

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25
Q

Word

A

A group of one or more bytes, the number of bits in a word is the word length of the computer

26
Q

Data

A

Basic values or facts

27
Q

Information

A

Data that has been organized or processed in a useful manner

28
Q

Data compression

A

Reducing the amount of space needed to store a piece of data

29
Q

Compression Ratio

A

The size of the compressed data divided by the size of the uncompressed data

30
Q

What types of information do we represent to a computer?

A
  • numbers
  • text
  • audio
  • images, graphics
  • video
31
Q

How is data stored in a computer?

A

A series of zero’s and one’s

32
Q

Lossless compression

A

a data compression technique in which there is no loss of information

33
Q

Lossy compression

A

a data compression technique in which there is loss information

34
Q

Analog Data

A

A continuous representation of data

35
Q

Digital Data

A

A discrete presentation of data

36
Q

Digitize

A

The act of breaking information down into discrete pieces

37
Q

ASCII

A

Seven bit character representation which allows for the 128 unique character set called ASCII

38
Q

Who is credited for developing a universal character set called ASCII?

A

Bob bemer

39
Q

Keyword encoding

A

replacing a frequently used word with a single character

40
Q

Run Length Encoding

A

Replaces a long series of repeated characters with a count of the repetition

41
Q

Huffman encoding

A

A variable length binary string to represent a character that frequently used characters have short codes

42
Q

Audio Data Representation

A

Wav, MP3

43
Q

Representing Image and color

A

3 colors used Red, Green, and Blue

44
Q

True Color

A

is considered 24 bits

8 bits for each color times 3 colors

45
Q

Color represented to computer

A

in varying degrees of saturation and intensity

46
Q

Combinations of RGB in various intensities are combined to make millions of colors

A

-

47
Q

Pixels

A

Individual dots used to represent a picture, stand for picture elements

48
Q

Resolution

A

The number of pixels used to represent a picture

49
Q

Video

A

Hardest of all data types to represent to a computer

50
Q

Video codecs

A

methods used to shrink the size of a movie

51
Q

Temporal Compression

A

Move compression technique based on difference between consecutive frames

52
Q

Spatial Compression

A

Removes duplicate data from within a picture

53
Q

Gate

A

A device that performs a basic operation on electrical signals, accepting one or more input signals and producing a single output signal

54
Q

Circuit

A

A combination of interacting gates designed to accomplish a specific logical function

55
Q

Truth Table

A

A table showing all possible values and the associated output values

56
Q

Types of Gates

A
  • NOT
  • AND
  • OR
  • XOR
  • NAND
  • NOR
57
Q

Not gate

A

inverts a single input value triangle

58
Q

and gate

A

produces 1 if both input values are 1 button

59
Q

or gate

A

produces 1 if one or the other input values are 1 bullet

60
Q

xor gate

A

produces 1 if one or the other input values are 1 stripe bullet

61
Q

nand gate

A

produce a 0 if both inputs are 0 button hole

62
Q

nor gate

A

produces 0 if one or the other or both input values are 1 bullet hole

CSC 100 (5 decks)

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