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CSC 100 > Test 1 (Chapt. 1-4) > Flashcards

Test 1 (Chapt. 1-4) Flashcards

1
Q

What is a computing system?

A

Computer hardware, software and data which interact to solve problems

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2
Q

What is computer hardware?

A

The physical elements of a computing system

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3
Q

What is Computer software?

A

The programs that provide the instructions that a computer executes

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4
Q

What is Abstraction?

A

A mental model that removes the complex details

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5
Q

What is abstraction in a computer?

A

Car, we don’t need to understand how a car works to drive one. We don’t need to understand all the complex operations of a computer to use one

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6
Q

First computers

A

Harvard Mark 1, ENIAC

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7
Q

First personal computer

A

MITS Altair

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8
Q

What was the first computer used for?

A

collecting census numbers

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9
Q

Fourth Generation Computing Hardware

A

large scale integration
thousands of transistors used
microcomputer decade had arrived
beginning of the personal computer explosion

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10
Q

Parallel Computing

A

multiple processors executing instructions independently of each other

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11
Q

Networking

A

a government run internet for sharing data between agencies

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12
Q

First Computer Language

A

binary. consists of 0’s and 1’s

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13
Q

Software translators

A

translate programs written in assembly code

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14
Q

Fifth Generation Software

A
  • Microsoft became world known in PC software
  • Object oriented design programming languages
  • World Wide Web
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15
Q

Computer Disciplines

The three disciplines computer science was born from

A
  • Engineering
  • Science
  • Math
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16
Q

Numbering Systems

A
  • Binary, 0 and 1
  • Decimal, 0-9
  • Hex, 4 bit, 0-9, A-F
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17
Q

What numbering system do computers understand?

A

Binary

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18
Q

What numbering system do people understand?

A

Decimal

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19
Q

What numbering system do network based systems understand?

A

Hex

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20
Q

Two’s Compliment

A
  1. Write number in binary value
  2. Compliment bits
  3. Add one
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21
Q

How can a computer subtract numbers with only the addition operator?

A

using 3 bits

2^3 = 8 unique numbers

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22
Q

Binary Digit

A

A digit in the binary number system, 0 or 1

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23
Q

Bit

A

Binary digit

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24
Q

Byte

A

Eight binary digits

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25
Word
A group of one or more bytes, the number of bits in a word is the word length of the computer
26
Data
Basic values or facts
27
Information
Data that has been organized or processed in a useful manner
28
Data compression
Reducing the amount of space needed to store a piece of data
29
Compression Ratio
The size of the compressed data divided by the size of the uncompressed data
30
What types of information do we represent to a computer?
- numbers - text - audio - images, graphics - video
31
How is data stored in a computer?
A series of zero's and one's
32
Lossless compression
a data compression technique in which there is no loss of information
33
Lossy compression
a data compression technique in which there is loss information
34
Analog Data
A continuous representation of data
35
Digital Data
A discrete presentation of data
36
Digitize
The act of breaking information down into discrete pieces
37
ASCII
Seven bit character representation which allows for the 128 unique character set called ASCII
38
Who is credited for developing a universal character set called ASCII?
Bob bemer
39
Keyword encoding
replacing a frequently used word with a single character
40
Run Length Encoding
Replaces a long series of repeated characters with a count of the repetition
41
Huffman encoding
A variable length binary string to represent a character that frequently used characters have short codes
42
Audio Data Representation
Wav, MP3
43
Representing Image and color
3 colors used Red, Green, and Blue
44
True Color
is considered 24 bits | 8 bits for each color times 3 colors
45
Color represented to computer
in varying degrees of saturation and intensity
46
Combinations of RGB in various intensities are combined to make millions of colors
-
47
Pixels
Individual dots used to represent a picture, stand for picture elements
48
Resolution
The number of pixels used to represent a picture
49
Video
Hardest of all data types to represent to a computer
50
Video codecs
methods used to shrink the size of a movie
51
Temporal Compression
Move compression technique based on difference between consecutive frames
52
Spatial Compression
Removes duplicate data from within a picture
53
Gate
A device that performs a basic operation on electrical signals, accepting one or more input signals and producing a single output signal
54
Circuit
A combination of interacting gates designed to accomplish a specific logical function
55
Truth Table
A table showing all possible values and the associated output values
56
Types of Gates
- NOT - AND - OR - XOR - NAND - NOR
57
Not gate
inverts a single input value triangle
58
and gate
produces 1 if both input values are 1 button
59
or gate
produces 1 if one or the other input values are 1 bullet
60
xor gate
produces 1 if one or the other input values are 1 stripe bullet
61
nand gate
produce a 0 if both inputs are 0 button hole
62
nor gate
produces 0 if one or the other or both input values are 1 bullet hole

CSC 100 (5 decks)

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