Test 3 Flashcards
1
Q
Describe the route that sound is perceived.
A
- Hair cells on basilar membrane
- Information carried on cochlear branch of vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII).
- Cochlear nuclei of medulla oblongata
- Inferior colliculus
- Medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus.
- Auditory cortex of the temporal lobe.
2
Q
Describe the steps in maintaining equilibrium.
A
- Hair cells of the vestibule and semicircular ducts
- Vestibular branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII).
- Vestibular nuclei in medulla oblongata
- Superior colliculi detect automatic eye movements occurring in response to sensation of motion. Cranial nerves involved in eye, head, and neck movement. The vestibular nuclei relay information about position and balance to the cerebellum. Descending vestibulospinal tracts carry instructions to peripheral muscles.
3
Q
Schwann cells
A
- cells that cover peripheral axons and play a role in axon repair after injury
- myelinating Schwann cells produce myelin, speed signal
4
Q
satellite cells
A
- surround neuron cell bodies around PNS ganglia, regulating the environment around the neuron
- equivalent in CNS are called astrocytes
5
Q
What happens to voltage gated ion channels at -70mV, -60mV and +30mV?
A
-70mV: channel closed; activation gate closed
-60mV: channel open; both gates open
+30mV: channel inactivated; inactivation gate closed
6
Q
continuous vs. saltatory propagation
A
- continuous: AP moves along unmyelinated axon
- saltatory: AP jumps between nodes along myelinated axon
7
Q
sensory (afferent) division
A
- part of PNS that sends info. from peripheral tissues in PNS to CNS
8
Q
motor (efferent) division + SNS/ANS
A
- part of PNS that sends motor commands from CNS to peripheral tissues
- somatic nervous system (SNS): somatic efferent neurons; voluntary; conscious control of movement
- autonomic nervous system (ANS): visceral efferent neurons; involuntary; autonomic regulation of activities
9
Q
fissures, gyri, and sulci
A
- parts of the cerebrum
- fissures: deep grooves subdividing each hemisphere
- gyri: folds (increase surface area)
- sulci: shallow grooves that separate adjacent gyri
10
Q
cerebrum
A
- conscious thought
- memory (storage and processing)
- sensory processing
11
Q
cerebellum
A
motor control
12
Q
diencephalon
A
- connects cerebrum and CNS
- thalamus: relays + processes sensory info.
- hypothalamus: emotions, hormones, autonomic functions
13
Q
brain stem
A
- midbrain: consciousness, auditory and visual processing
- pons: connects cerebellum to brainstem, somatic + visceral motor controls
- medulla oblongata: autonomic functions
14
Q
frontal lobe
A
- learned movements
- intellectual functions
15
Q
Broca’s area
A
- found in the frontal lobe
- speech production
