Test #3 Flashcards
Stress
Is process by which we perceive and respond to certain events called stressors that we appraise as threatening or challenging
Catastrophes
Unpleasant large scale events
Significant life changes
Personal life transitions
Daily hassles and social stress
Day to day challenges
General adaption syndrome
Alarm
Resistance
Exhaustion
Tend and befriend
Nurturing and banding together
Psychoneuroimmunologists
Study mind-body interactions including stress related physical illness (stress induced headaches)
Stress and cancer
Stress doesn’t create cancer cells but if you are stressed and don’t have healthy immune system cancer cells can’t be destroyed
What play a role in heart disease?
Stress and personality
Type A personality
Competitive hard driven impatient verbally aggressive angry more likely to have a heart attack
Type B
Easy going relaxed less likely to have heart problems
Type D
People who surprises negative emotions to avoid social disapproval
Catharsis
The idea of releasing aggressive energy relieves aggressive urge
Coping
Reduced stress using emotional , cognitive or behavioral methods
Problem focused coping
Attempting to reduce stress directly -by changing the stressor or the way we interact that stressor
Emotion-focused coping
Attempting to reduce stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to our stress reaction
External locus of control
That chance or outside forces control their fate
Internal locus of control
Believe they are in control of their own destiny
Pessimists
Expects things to go badly
Optimism
Expect to have control
Aerobic exercise
Sustained activity that increases heart and lung fitness may also reduce anxiety or depression
Mindfulness meditation
Relaxing and silently attending to your inner state without judging it
Positive psychology
Scientific study of human functioning with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive
Three pillars of positive psychology
Positive well being
Positive character
Positive groups and communities
Adaption level phenomenon
Happiness is relative to our own experiences
Relative deprivation principle
Happiness is related to others success
Personality
An individuals characteristic pattern of thinking feeling and acting
Unconscious
A reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts which we are unaware of
Free association
In psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind
ID
Reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that strives basic sexual and aggressive drives
Ego
The largely unconscious “executive” part of personality that operates on the reality principle
Superego
Focuses on ideal behavior strives for perfections
Oral stage
Pleasure is the mouth
Anal stage
Pleasure focuses on bladder and bowel elimination
Phallic stage
Pleasure zone is genitals
Latency
A phase of sexual feeling
Genital stage
Maturation of sexual interests
Defense mechanisms
Are the egos protective methods of reducing anxiety by indirectly and unconsciously distorting reality
Denial
Refusing to believe
Displacement
Shifting sexual and aggressive impulses towards something else
Rationalization
Offering self justifying explanations in place of the real more threatening unconscious reason for action
Regression
Retreating to more infantile psychosexual stage
Reaction formation
Switching unacceptable impulses by attributing them to others
Alfred Adler
Believed that much of our behavior is driven by efforts to conquer childhood inferiority feelings
Karen Horney
Childhood anxiety triggers our desire for love and security
Carl jung
Collective unconscious
Projective test
Personality test that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of ones inner dynamics
Thematic apperception test
Projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through stories of scenes
Rorschach test
Set of ink blots test
Abraham Maslow
Hierarchy of needs, self actualization , self transcendence
Carl rogers
Unconditional positive regard, self concept
Traits
Characteristic patterns of behavior or ways of feeling and acting
Personality inventory
Questionnaire on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors
MMPI
Most used personality test. Originally developed to find emotional disorders
Ocean
Openness Consciousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism
Person situation controversy
Behavior influenced by interaction of our inner disposition with our environment
Reciprocal determinism
The interaction influences behavior, internal, cognition, and environment
Self
In contemporary psychology, assumed to be the center of personality.
Spotlight affect
Overestimating others noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders
Self serving bias
A readiness to perceive oneself favorably
