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Psych 101 > Exam #2 > Flashcards

Exam #2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Aggression

A

Any physical or verbal behavior intended to harm someone physically or emotionally

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2
Q

Relational aggression

A

An act of aggression intended to harm a persons relationship or social standing

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3
Q

Who is independent

A

Men

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4
Q

Who are interdependent

A

Women

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5
Q

Spermarche

A

First ejaculation

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6
Q

Menarche

A

First menstrual period

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7
Q

Puberty

A

Period of sexual maturation during which a person becomes capable of reproducing

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8
Q

Disorder of sexual development

A

A condition present at birth that involves unusual development of sex chromosomes and anatomy

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9
Q

Drive reduction theory

A

The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state that motivates an organism

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10
Q

Yerkes-Dodson law

A

The principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases

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11
Q

Maslow hierarchy of needs

A 
Self transcendence needs 
Self actualization needs 
Esteem needs 
Belongingness and love needs 
Safety needs 
Physiological needs
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12
Q

Ostracism

A

The deliberate social exclusion of individuals or groups

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13
Q

Achievement motivation

A

A desire for significant accomplishment; for mastery of skills or ideas for control or for attaining high standard

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14
Q

Glucose

A

Is form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source source of energy for body tissues. When low triggers hunger

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15
Q

Set point

A

Is the bodies weight thermostat. When falls below this weight increased hunger and a lower metabolic rate may combine to restore rate

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16
Q

Basal metabolic rate

A

The body’s resting rate of energy expenditure

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17
Q

Arcuate nucleus

A

Neural are in the hypothalamus that secretes appetite suppressing hormones

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18
Q

Ghrelin

A

A hunger arousing hormone secreted by the empty stomach

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19
Q

Insulin

A

Hormone secreted by pancreas; controls blood glucose

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20
Q

Leptin

A

Protein hormone secreted by fat cells; when abundant, causes brain to increase metabolism and decrease hunger

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21
Q

Orexin

A

Hunger- triggering hormone secreted by hypothalamus

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22
Q

PYY

A

Digestive tract hormone; sends I’m not hungry signals to brain

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23
Q

Five situational influences about eating habits

A

Arousing appetite: snacking when stressed
Friends and food: eat with friends
Serving size: how much
Selections stimulate: food variety promotes eating
Nudging nutrition: eat healthy improve habits

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24
Q

Obesity is associated with

A

Physical health risks
More bullying 6-9 years old
Increased depression
Lower physiological well being with women

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25
Q

The genetic factor of obesity

A

Identical twins similar weight u r ur parents weight

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26
Q

Factors to obesity

A

Sleep loss fall in leptin rise in ghrelin
Correlation with friends weight
Increased food lower activity

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27
Q

James Lange theory

A

Arousal comes before emotion

Experience of emotion involves awareness of our physiological responses to emotion- arousing stimuli

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28
Q

Cannon bard theory

A

Arousal and emotion happens same time
Emotion arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers physiological responses and the subject experience of emotion
Everything runs parallel

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29
Q

Two factor theory

A

Emotion must be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal
Emotions have
- physical arousal
- cognitive appraisal

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30
Q

Spillover effect

A

Spillover arousal from one event to the next- influencing a response

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31
Q

Zajonc and Ledoux

A

Sometimes emotional response takes a neural shortcut that bypasses the cortex and goes directly to amygdala. Some emotional responses involve no deliberate thinking

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32
Q

Lazarus

A

Brain processes much information without conscious awareness but mental functioning still takes place. Emotions arise when an event is appraised as harmless or dangerous

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33
Q

Carroll Izard 10 basic emotions

A

Joy, guilt, shame, fear, contempt, disgust, anger, sadness, surprise, interest-excitement

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34
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Arousing

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35
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Calming

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36
Q

Automatic nervous system

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic fight or flight

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37
Q

Right frontal lobe emotions

A

Depression and negativity

38
Q

Left frontal lobe

A

Happiness positive

39
Q

Confirmation bias

A

Predisposes us to verify rather than challenge our preconceptions

40
Q

Algorithm

A

Logical rule or procedure that garuntees a solution to a problem

41
Q

Heuristic

A

Is a simpler strategy that is usually speedier than an algorithm but is also more error prone

42
Q

Insight

A

Is not a strategy based solution but rather a sudden flash of inspiration that solves a problem

43
Q

Cognition

A

All mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

44
Q

Prototype

A

One of the categories in cognition

45
Q

Fixation

A

Such as a mental set, may prevent us from taking the fresh perspective that would lead to a solution

46
Q

Intuition

A

Is an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought with explicit conscious reasoning

47
Q

Availability heuristic

A

Can distort judgement by estimating event likelihood based on memory availability

48
Q

Belief preservation

A

Occurs when we cling to beliefs and ignore evidence that proves these are wrong

49
Q

Framing

A

The way we present an issue- sways our decisions and judgment (presented good or bad could sway us)

50
Q

Divergent thinking

A

Expands the number of possible problem solutions; creative thinking that diverges in different directions

51
Q

Convergent thinking

A

Narrows the available problem solutions to determine the single best solution

52
Q

Language

A

Our spoken, written or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning

53
Q

Phonemes

A

Are smallest distinctive sound units in language

54
Q

Morphemes

A

Are smallest language units that carry meaning

55
Q

Grammar

A

Is the system of rules that enables humans to communicate with one and other

56
Q

One word stage

A

Enter stage at 1
They begin to use barely recognizable syllables
First words often nouns that label objects or people

57
Q

Two word stage

A

18 months

Word to each week to a word a day

58
Q

Telegraphic speech

A

Early speech using nouns and verbs

Order words in sensible order

59
Q

Broca’s area

A

Impairs speaking

60
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

Impairs understanding language

61
Q

Aphasia

A

An impairment of language usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to broca’s or wernicke’s

62
Q

Linguistic determinism

A

Language determines the way we think

63
Q

Intelligence

A

Mental potential to learn from experience

64
Q

Charles Spearman

A

People have one general intelligence that the heart of everything a person does

65
Q

Gardeners 8 intelligences

A 
Naturalist 
Linguistic 
Logical
Musical 
Spatial
Bodily 
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
66
Q

Sternberg’s three intelligences

A 
Analytical intelligence (academic problem solving) 
Creative intelligence (generate novel ideas) 
Practical intelligence (handling tasks)
67
Q

Emotional intelligence

A

The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions

68
Q

Perceiving emotions

A

Recognizing faces music stories

69
Q

Understanding emotions

A

Predicting them

70
Q

Managing emotions

A

Knowing how to express them

71
Q

Crystallized intelligence

A

Accumulated knowledge as reflected in vocabulary and analogy tests

Increases as we get older

72
Q

Fluid intelligence

A

Ability to reason speedily and abstractly, as when solving unfamiliar logic problems

73
Q

Heritability

A

The proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes

74
Q

Men interaction style

A

Offer more opinion

75
Q

Women interaction style

A

Offer more support

76
Q

X chromosome

A

Sex chromosome found in both men and women

77
Q

Y chromosome

A

Sex chromosome found only in males

78
Q

Testosterone

A

Both in males and females females have less then males

79
Q

Puberty

A

Period of sexual maturation during which a person becomes capable of reproducing

80
Q

Primary sex characteristics

A

Body structures that make sexual reproduction

81
Q

Secondary sex characteristics

A

Non reproductive sexual traits like boobs

82
Q

Social learning theory

A

Proposes social behavior is learned by observing and imitating others gender linked by behavior and by being rewarded or punished

83
Q

Gender typing

A

The acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role

84
Q

Androgyny

A

Both masculine and female psychological characteristics

85
Q

Estrogens

A

Sex hormone greater in females

86
Q

Sexual response cycle

A

Excitement
Plateau
Orgasm
Resolution

87
Q

Sexual dysfunction

A

Problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning

88
Q

Erectile disorder

A

Inability to develop or maintain an errection due to blood flow

89
Q

Female orgasm disorder

A

Distress due to never having an orgasm

90
Q

Paraphilias

A

Sexual arrousal from fanasties behaviors or urges involving non human objects

Psych 101 (6 decks)

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