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Psych 101 > Exam #2 > Flashcards

Exam #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Aggression

A

Any physical or verbal behavior intended to harm someone physically or emotionally

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2
Q

Relational aggression

A

An act of aggression intended to harm a persons relationship or social standing

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3
Q

Who is independent

A

Men

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4
Q

Who are interdependent

A

Women

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5
Q

Spermarche

A

First ejaculation

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6
Q

Menarche

A

First menstrual period

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7
Q

Puberty

A

Period of sexual maturation during which a person becomes capable of reproducing

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8
Q

Disorder of sexual development

A

A condition present at birth that involves unusual development of sex chromosomes and anatomy

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9
Q

Drive reduction theory

A

The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state that motivates an organism

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10
Q

Yerkes-Dodson law

A

The principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases

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11
Q

Maslow hierarchy of needs

A 
Self transcendence needs 
Self actualization needs 
Esteem needs 
Belongingness and love needs 
Safety needs 
Physiological needs
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12
Q

Ostracism

A

The deliberate social exclusion of individuals or groups

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13
Q

Achievement motivation

A

A desire for significant accomplishment; for mastery of skills or ideas for control or for attaining high standard

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14
Q

Glucose

A

Is form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source source of energy for body tissues. When low triggers hunger

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15
Q

Set point

A

Is the bodies weight thermostat. When falls below this weight increased hunger and a lower metabolic rate may combine to restore rate

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16
Q

Basal metabolic rate

A

The body’s resting rate of energy expenditure

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17
Q

Arcuate nucleus

A

Neural are in the hypothalamus that secretes appetite suppressing hormones

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18
Q

Ghrelin

A

A hunger arousing hormone secreted by the empty stomach

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19
Q

Insulin

A

Hormone secreted by pancreas; controls blood glucose

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20
Q

Leptin

A

Protein hormone secreted by fat cells; when abundant, causes brain to increase metabolism and decrease hunger

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21
Q

Orexin

A

Hunger- triggering hormone secreted by hypothalamus

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22
Q

PYY

A

Digestive tract hormone; sends I’m not hungry signals to brain

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23
Q

Five situational influences about eating habits

A

Arousing appetite: snacking when stressed
Friends and food: eat with friends
Serving size: how much
Selections stimulate: food variety promotes eating
Nudging nutrition: eat healthy improve habits

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24
Q

Obesity is associated with

A

Physical health risks
More bullying 6-9 years old
Increased depression
Lower physiological well being with women

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25
The genetic factor of obesity
Identical twins similar weight u r ur parents weight
26
Factors to obesity
Sleep loss fall in leptin rise in ghrelin Correlation with friends weight Increased food lower activity
27
James Lange theory
Arousal comes before emotion | Experience of emotion involves awareness of our physiological responses to emotion- arousing stimuli
28
Cannon bard theory
Arousal and emotion happens same time Emotion arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers physiological responses and the subject experience of emotion Everything runs parallel
29
Two factor theory
Emotion must be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal Emotions have - physical arousal - cognitive appraisal
30
Spillover effect
Spillover arousal from one event to the next- influencing a response
31
Zajonc and Ledoux
Sometimes emotional response takes a neural shortcut that bypasses the cortex and goes directly to amygdala. Some emotional responses involve no deliberate thinking
32
Lazarus
Brain processes much information without conscious awareness but mental functioning still takes place. Emotions arise when an event is appraised as harmless or dangerous
33
Carroll Izard 10 basic emotions
Joy, guilt, shame, fear, contempt, disgust, anger, sadness, surprise, interest-excitement
34
Sympathetic nervous system
Arousing
35
Parasympathetic nervous system
Calming
36
Automatic nervous system
Sympathetic and parasympathetic fight or flight
37
Right frontal lobe emotions
Depression and negativity
38
Left frontal lobe
Happiness positive
39
Confirmation bias
Predisposes us to verify rather than challenge our preconceptions
40
Algorithm
Logical rule or procedure that garuntees a solution to a problem
41
Heuristic
Is a simpler strategy that is usually speedier than an algorithm but is also more error prone
42
Insight
Is not a strategy based solution but rather a sudden flash of inspiration that solves a problem
43
Cognition
All mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
44
Prototype
One of the categories in cognition
45
Fixation
Such as a mental set, may prevent us from taking the fresh perspective that would lead to a solution
46
Intuition
Is an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought with explicit conscious reasoning
47
Availability heuristic
Can distort judgement by estimating event likelihood based on memory availability
48
Belief preservation
Occurs when we cling to beliefs and ignore evidence that proves these are wrong
49
Framing
The way we present an issue- sways our decisions and judgment (presented good or bad could sway us)
50
Divergent thinking
Expands the number of possible problem solutions; creative thinking that diverges in different directions
51
Convergent thinking
Narrows the available problem solutions to determine the single best solution
52
Language
Our spoken, written or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning
53
Phonemes
Are smallest distinctive sound units in language
54
Morphemes
Are smallest language units that carry meaning
55
Grammar
Is the system of rules that enables humans to communicate with one and other
56
One word stage
Enter stage at 1 They begin to use barely recognizable syllables First words often nouns that label objects or people
57
Two word stage
18 months | Word to each week to a word a day
58
Telegraphic speech
Early speech using nouns and verbs | Order words in sensible order
59
Broca's area
Impairs speaking
60
Wernicke's area
Impairs understanding language
61
Aphasia
An impairment of language usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to broca's or wernicke's
62
Linguistic determinism
Language determines the way we think
63
Intelligence
Mental potential to learn from experience
64
Charles Spearman
People have one general intelligence that the heart of everything a person does
65
Gardeners 8 intelligences
``` Naturalist Linguistic Logical Musical Spatial Bodily Interpersonal Intrapersonal ```
66
Sternberg's three intelligences
``` Analytical intelligence (academic problem solving) Creative intelligence (generate novel ideas) Practical intelligence (handling tasks) ```
67
Emotional intelligence
The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions
68
Perceiving emotions
Recognizing faces music stories
69
Understanding emotions
Predicting them
70
Managing emotions
Knowing how to express them
71
Crystallized intelligence
Accumulated knowledge as reflected in vocabulary and analogy tests Increases as we get older
72
Fluid intelligence
Ability to reason speedily and abstractly, as when solving unfamiliar logic problems
73
Heritability
The proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes
74
Men interaction style
Offer more opinion
75
Women interaction style
Offer more support
76
X chromosome
Sex chromosome found in both men and women
77
Y chromosome
Sex chromosome found only in males
78
Testosterone
Both in males and females females have less then males
79
Puberty
Period of sexual maturation during which a person becomes capable of reproducing
80
Primary sex characteristics
Body structures that make sexual reproduction
81
Secondary sex characteristics
Non reproductive sexual traits like boobs
82
Social learning theory
Proposes social behavior is learned by observing and imitating others gender linked by behavior and by being rewarded or punished
83
Gender typing
The acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role
84
Androgyny
Both masculine and female psychological characteristics
85
Estrogens
Sex hormone greater in females
86
Sexual response cycle
Excitement Plateau Orgasm Resolution
87
Sexual dysfunction
Problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning
88
Erectile disorder
Inability to develop or maintain an errection due to blood flow
89
Female orgasm disorder
Distress due to never having an orgasm
90
Paraphilias
Sexual arrousal from fanasties behaviors or urges involving non human objects

Psych 101 (6 decks)

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