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Psych 101 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Fundamental attribution theory

A

The tendency when others analyzing others behavior to overestimate the influence of personal traits and underestimate the effects of the situation

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2
Q

Peripheral route persuasion

A

Occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues; produce fast but relatively thoughtless changes in attitudes

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3
Q

Central route persuasion

A

Occurs when people are offered evidence and arguments to trigger thoughtful responses

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4
Q

Foot in the door phenomenon

A

People agreeing to a small request will find it easier to agree later to a larger one

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5
Q

Role

A

A set of expectations about social position defining how the person ought to behave

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6
Q

Zimbardo’s experiment

A

Put normal people as the guards and prisoners shit got serious

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7
Q

Cognitive dissonance theory

A

We act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent

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8
Q

Culture

A

The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people

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9
Q

Norm

A

Understood rules for accepted and expected behavior

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10
Q

Conformity

A

Adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard

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11
Q

Mimicry

A

Behavior is contagious what we see we often do

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12
Q

Normative social influence

A

Influence resulting from a persons desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval

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13
Q

Informational social influence

A

Influence resulting from ones willingness to accept others opinions as new information

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14
Q

Stanley Milgram’s obedience

A

Strong social influence can make people conform to falsehoods or cruelty- ordinary people are corrupted by evil situations

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15
Q

Social facilitation

A

The presence of others arouses people, improving performance on easy or well learned tasks but decreasing it from difficult ones

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16
Q

Social loafing

A

The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accounted

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17
Q

Deindividuation

A

The loss of self awareness and self restraint occurring in a group situation

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18
Q

Group polarization

A

The enhancement of a group’s prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group

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19
Q

Groupthink

A

The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony within a decision making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

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20
Q

Prejudice

A

Is an unjustified negative attitude toward a group and its members

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21
Q

Implicit racial associations

A

Implicit association test results: even people who deny racial prejudice may carry negative associations

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22
Q

Unconscious patronization

A

Lower expectations inflated praise and insufficient criticism for minority student achievement

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23
Q

Race-influenced perceptions

A

Fatigue can increase automatic reasons that amplify racial bias

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24
Q

Just world phenomenon

A

Good is rewarded and evil is punished

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25
Q

Ingroup

A

“Us” people whom we identify with

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26
Q

Outgroup

A

“Them” those perceived as different or not part of the group

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27
Q

Ingroup bias

A

Favoring our own group

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28
Q

Scapegoat theory

A

Proposes that when things go wrong, finding someone to blame can provide an outlet for anger

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29
Q

Other race effect

A

The tendency to recall faces of ones own race more accurately then faces of other race

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30
Q

Aggression

A

Any physical or verbal behavior intended to harm someone physically or emotionally

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31
Q

Genetic influences of aggression

A

Evidence from animal studies and twin studies; male Y chromosome and MAOA gene is genetic marker

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32
Q

Neural influences of aggression

A

Neural systems facilitate or inhibit aggression when provoked
Aggression more likely with frontal lobe damage

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33
Q

Biochemical influences of aggression

A

Testosterone influences and the alcohol affect

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34
Q

Frustration-aggression principle

A

Frustration creates anger, which can spark aggression

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35
Q

Things that promote aggression

A 
Reinforcement
Modeling
Lack of self control 
Cigarettes 
Hot temps 
Crowding
Odors
Physical pain
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36
Q

Proximity- attraction

A

Geographical nearness- friendship most powerful predictor of love

37
Q

Mere exposure effect

A

The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them

38
Q

Passionate love

A

Sexual desire + a growing attachment

39
Q

Companionate love

A

A deep affectionate attachment

40
Q

Self disclosure

A

Deepens intimacy

41
Q

Passion facilitating hormones

A

Testastorone dopamine adrenaline

42
Q

Altruism

A

Is an unselfish concern for the welfare of others

43
Q

Bystander effect

A

The tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

44
Q

Social exchange theory

A

Maximizes rewards and minimizes cost

45
Q

Social responsibility norm

A

Expectation that people should help those who depend on them

46
Q

Reciprocity norm

A

Expectation that people will respond favorably to each other by returning benefits for benefit

47
Q

Conflict

A

Perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas in which people become enmeshed in potentially destructive I’ve processes that often produce unwanted results

48
Q

Social traps

A

Situation in which conflicting parties, by each pursuing their self- interest rather then the good of the group, become caught in mutually destructive behavior

49
Q

Enemy perceptions

A

Conflict have a tendency to form diabolical images of one another

50
Q

Mirror image perceptions

A

Mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees each itself as ethical and peaceful while other sad bad

51
Q

Self fulfilling prophecy

A

A belief that leads to its own fulfillment

52
Q

Contact

A

Most effective when contact is free of competition and equal status exists

53
Q

Cooperation

A

Cooperative contact can reduce conflict

54
Q

Communication

A

When real life conflicts become intense a third party meditator may facilitate communication

55
Q

Conciliation

A

GRIT ( graduated and reciprocated initiatives in tension reduction) is alternative to conflict, to war or surrender

56
Q

Psychological disorder

A

A clinically significant disturbance in an individuals cognition, emotion regulation or behavior

57
Q

Biopsychosocial approach

A

General approach positing that biological, psychological, and social culture factors all play a significant role in human functioning in the context of disease or illness

58
Q

Immigrant paradox

A

Those born to immigrants to the US are at greater risk of mental disorder then immigrants

59
Q

How many people have mental problems

A

1 out of every 4 adults

60
Q

Major depressive disorder

A

Is a prolonged state of hopeless depression

61
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

Alternates between depression and overexcited hyperactivity

62
Q

How many symptoms must u experience to have major depressive disorder

A

5 and 1 must be depressed mood or loss of interest

63
Q

Anorexia nervosa

A

Person maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight

64
Q

Bulimia nervosa

A

Person alternates binge eating with purging sometimes followed by fasting and excessive exercise

65
Q

Binge eating disorder

A

Significant binge eating followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging or fasting or excessive exercise

66
Q

Dissociative disorders

A

Controversial, rare disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

67
Q

Dissociative identity disorder

A

Rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities

68
Q

OCD

A

Repetitive thoughts and actions or both

69
Q

PTSD

A

Is characterized by haunting memories nightmares social withdraw anxiety numbness of feeling or insomnia for 4 weeks or more after a traumatic experience

70
Q

Personality disorders

A

Inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

71
Q

Antisocial personality disorder

A

Shows lack of conscience for wrong doing even toward friends and family members

72
Q

Schizophrenia positive symptoms

A

Presence of inappropriate behavior

73
Q

Schizophrenia negative symptoms

A

A sense of appropriate behavior

74
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

A

Person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal

75
Q

Panic disorder

A

An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking

76
Q

Agoraphobia

A

Fear or avoidance of public situations from which escape may be difficult

77
Q

Phobia

A

Anxiety disorder marked by a persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, activity or situation

78
Q

Social anxiety disorder

A

Fear people will hate you

79
Q

The brain during depression

A

Brain activity slows increases during mania
Norephrenephrine scarce during a depression
Serotonin scarce
Exercise decreases depression increase serotonin

80
Q

Rumination

A

Compulsive fretting overthinking about problems and their causes

81
Q

Schizophrenia

A

A psychological disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and or diminished inappropriate emotional expression

82
Q

Symptoms of schizophrenia

A

Hallucinations, delusions, paranoid tendencies, word salad

83
Q

Schizophrenia emotions

A

Flat effect, impaired theory of mind

84
Q

Schizophrenia brain abnormalities

A

Dopamine overactivity, low active frontal lobes, vigorous thalamus and amygdala activity during hallucinations, enlarged cerebral tissues, smaller corpus callosum

85
Q

Psychotherapy

A

A trained therapist uses psychological techniques to assist someone seeking to overcome difficulties or achieve personal growth

86
Q

Biomedical therapy

A

Offers medications and other biological treatments; prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on the person’s physiology

87
Q

Electric approach

A

Approach to psychotherapy that uses techniques from various forms of therapy

88
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

Friends technique including free association resistances and dreams

Psych 101 (6 decks)

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