Exam #1 Flashcards
Who created the first psychology lab?
Wilhem Wundt
Where was the first psychology lab located?
Leipzig, Germany
What did Wundt seek to measure?
“Atoms of the mind”
What school of thought did Titchener create?
Structuralism
What were some things Titchener did during his studies?
Introspection, used introspection reports, relied on “self report”
What school of thought did James study?
Functionalism
Who influenced Functionalism?
Charles Darwin
Who was the first female APA President?
Mary Whiton Calkins
Who did Mary Whiton Calkins study with?
William James
Who was the second female APA president?
Mary Floy Washburn
Who wrote “The Animal Mind”?
Mary Floy Washburn
Who did Mary Floy Washburn study with?
Titchener but was barred from experimental psychology organization
Definition of behaviorism
Scientific study of observable behavior
When did behaviorism become a major force in psychology?
1960’s
Who conducted the Little Albert experiment?
John Watson and Rosalie Rayner
Who studied classical conditioning?
John B Watson
Who studied operant conditioning?
BF skinner
Psychoanalytic theory is also called?
Freudian Psychology
What does Freudian psychology focus on?
Emphasized ways unconscious thought processes and emotional responses to childhood experiences affect later behavior
What is humanistic psychology
A historically significant perspective that revived interest in the study of mental processes
Who led humanistic psychology?
Carl rogers and Abraham Maslow
When did the cognitive revolution begin?
1960’s
What is the interdisciplinary field of cognitive psychology?
Cognitive neuroscience
What is cognitive neuroscience?
Ties the science of the mind and the science of the brain (cognitive psychology and neuroscience)
What is cognitive psychology?
Explores ways which information is perceived processed and remembered and to study the cognitive roots of psychological disorders
What is the focus in evolutionary psychology?
How the natural selection of traits has promoted survival of our genes
Hindsight bias
Overconfidence and our tendency to perceive patterns in random events illustrate why we cannot rely solely on intuition
Hypothesis
Testable prediction
Theory
Explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events
What are the sub fields of psychology?
Biological, industrial organizational, personality, social, developmental, cognitive, counseling, psychiatrist, counseling, community, clinical
Counseling psychology
Help people cope with challenges and crisis
Clinical psychologist
Assesses and treat people with mental, emotional, behavior disorders
Psychiatrist
As a medical doctor may prescribe medicine and provide psychotherapy
Community psychologist
Work to create social and physical environments healthy for all
Case study
An observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles
Naturalistic observation
Descriptive technique of observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to change or control the situation
Survey
Descriptive technique for obtaining the self reported attitudes or behaviors of a group (random sampling)
Correlation
An observation that two traits or attributes are related to each other
Correlation coefficient
A measure of how closely two factors vary together or how well you can predict a change in one from observing a change in the other
Positive correlation
0-+1.00 direct relationships- things increase and decrease together
Negative correlation
0–1.00 an inverse relationship one increases other decreases
Experimental group
Person receives treatment
Control group
Members do not receive treatment
Double blind procedure
Participants and administer unaware of treatment
Placebo affect
Effect involves results caused by expectations alone
Independent variable
Factor that is manipulated the variable whose effect is being studied
Confounding variable
Factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect
3 places helping with ethics in study’s
APA,BPS,universities
What are the ethics codes that you must follow when performing a study?
Fully debriefing
Keep information confidential
Informed consent
Protect them from harm
Consciousness
Awareness of self and environment
Cognitive neuroscience
Interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with our mental processes
Change blindness
Failing to notice changes in your environment
Inattentional blindness
Failure to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere
Selective attention
The focusing on conscious awareness on particular stimulus (multi-tasking)
Dual processing
The principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks
Circadian rhythm
The biological clock (deals with temperature and wakefulness)
What is REM sleep?
Rapid eye movement- deepest sleep- brain energized dream during this stage-90 minutes
The order of the sleep cycle waves
Beta
Alpha
R.E.M.
NREM-1,2,3
Suphrachiasmatic nucleus
Suppress the pineal’s glands production of the sleeping hormone melatonin
What are the theories of why we sleep
Next day problem solving
Protective role
Restoring and repairing, strength numeral connection
Growth hormone
insomnia
Reoccurring problems falling or staying asleep
Narcolepsy
Falling asleep at random times suddenly go into R.E.M.
Sleep apnea
Stopping of breathing while you sleep momentary awakens especially in overweight men
Night terrors
High arousal and appearance of being terrified target children during first few hours of NREM3
Dreams
Sequence of images and emotions passing through a sleeping persons mind
What do dreams usually incorporate and do we remember them
Previous days non sexual experience R.E.M. DREAMS ARE BIZZARE and nah
Psychoactive drug
A chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods
Addiction
Compulsive craving of drugs or certain behaviors despite known harmful consequences
Nicotine
Amphetamine- highly addictive- diminishes appetite, boosts alertness, calms anxiety, smoking correlates with higher depression
Cocaine
Amphetamine- temporary increased alertness, leads to crash and agitated depression, form consumed is key
Methamphetamine
Over time reduces dopamine level, stimulates brain cell enhances mood and energy irribality, insomnia, hypertension
Ecstasy
Short term health risks and long term harm to serotonin producing neuron aka hug drug molly
LSD
Hallucinogens- users mood and expectations affects how it affects you- europhia detachment from pain
Marijuana
Contains THC amplifies sensory sensitivity, impairs motor coordination, reaction time disrupts memory
