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Psych 101 > Exam #1 > Flashcards

Exam #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Who created the first psychology lab?

A

Wilhem Wundt

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2
Q

Where was the first psychology lab located?

A

Leipzig, Germany

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3
Q

What did Wundt seek to measure?

A

“Atoms of the mind”

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4
Q

What school of thought did Titchener create?

A

Structuralism

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5
Q

What were some things Titchener did during his studies?

A

Introspection, used introspection reports, relied on “self report”

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6
Q

What school of thought did James study?

A

Functionalism

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7
Q

Who influenced Functionalism?

A

Charles Darwin

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8
Q

Who was the first female APA President?

A

Mary Whiton Calkins

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9
Q

Who did Mary Whiton Calkins study with?

A

William James

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10
Q

Who was the second female APA president?

A

Mary Floy Washburn

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11
Q

Who wrote “The Animal Mind”?

A

Mary Floy Washburn

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12
Q

Who did Mary Floy Washburn study with?

A

Titchener but was barred from experimental psychology organization

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13
Q

Definition of behaviorism

A

Scientific study of observable behavior

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14
Q

When did behaviorism become a major force in psychology?

A

1960’s

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15
Q

Who conducted the Little Albert experiment?

A

John Watson and Rosalie Rayner

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16
Q

Who studied classical conditioning?

A

John B Watson

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17
Q

Who studied operant conditioning?

A

BF skinner

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18
Q

Psychoanalytic theory is also called?

A

Freudian Psychology

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19
Q

What does Freudian psychology focus on?

A

Emphasized ways unconscious thought processes and emotional responses to childhood experiences affect later behavior

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20
Q

What is humanistic psychology

A

A historically significant perspective that revived interest in the study of mental processes

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21
Q

Who led humanistic psychology?

A

Carl rogers and Abraham Maslow

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22
Q

When did the cognitive revolution begin?

A

1960’s

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23
Q

What is the interdisciplinary field of cognitive psychology?

A

Cognitive neuroscience

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24
Q

What is cognitive neuroscience?

A

Ties the science of the mind and the science of the brain (cognitive psychology and neuroscience)

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25
What is cognitive psychology?
Explores ways which information is perceived processed and remembered and to study the cognitive roots of psychological disorders
26
What is the focus in evolutionary psychology?
How the natural selection of traits has promoted survival of our genes
27
Hindsight bias
Overconfidence and our tendency to perceive patterns in random events illustrate why we cannot rely solely on intuition
28
Hypothesis
Testable prediction
29
Theory
Explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events
30
What are the sub fields of psychology?
Biological, industrial organizational, personality, social, developmental, cognitive, counseling, psychiatrist, counseling, community, clinical
31
Counseling psychology
Help people cope with challenges and crisis
32
Clinical psychologist
Assesses and treat people with mental, emotional, behavior disorders
33
Psychiatrist
As a medical doctor may prescribe medicine and provide psychotherapy
34
Community psychologist
Work to create social and physical environments healthy for all
35
Case study
An observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles
36
Naturalistic observation
Descriptive technique of observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to change or control the situation
37
Survey
Descriptive technique for obtaining the self reported attitudes or behaviors of a group (random sampling)
38
Correlation
An observation that two traits or attributes are related to each other
39
Correlation coefficient
A measure of how closely two factors vary together or how well you can predict a change in one from observing a change in the other
40
Positive correlation
0-+1.00 direct relationships- things increase and decrease together
41
Negative correlation
0--1.00 an inverse relationship one increases other decreases
42
Experimental group
Person receives treatment
43
Control group
Members do not receive treatment
44
Double blind procedure
Participants and administer unaware of treatment
45
Placebo affect
Effect involves results caused by expectations alone
46
Independent variable
Factor that is manipulated the variable whose effect is being studied
47
Confounding variable
Factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect
48
3 places helping with ethics in study's
APA,BPS,universities
49
What are the ethics codes that you must follow when performing a study?
Fully debriefing Keep information confidential Informed consent Protect them from harm
50
Consciousness
Awareness of self and environment
51
Cognitive neuroscience
Interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with our mental processes
52
Change blindness
Failing to notice changes in your environment
53
Inattentional blindness
Failure to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere
54
Selective attention
The focusing on conscious awareness on particular stimulus (multi-tasking)
55
Dual processing
The principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks
56
Circadian rhythm
The biological clock (deals with temperature and wakefulness)
57
What is REM sleep?
Rapid eye movement- deepest sleep- brain energized dream during this stage-90 minutes
58
The order of the sleep cycle waves
Beta Alpha R.E.M. NREM-1,2,3
59
Suphrachiasmatic nucleus
Suppress the pineal's glands production of the sleeping hormone melatonin
60
What are the theories of why we sleep
Next day problem solving Protective role Restoring and repairing, strength numeral connection Growth hormone
61
insomnia
Reoccurring problems falling or staying asleep
62
Narcolepsy
Falling asleep at random times suddenly go into R.E.M.
63
Sleep apnea
Stopping of breathing while you sleep momentary awakens especially in overweight men
64
Night terrors
High arousal and appearance of being terrified target children during first few hours of NREM3
65
Dreams
Sequence of images and emotions passing through a sleeping persons mind
66
What do dreams usually incorporate and do we remember them
Previous days non sexual experience R.E.M. DREAMS ARE BIZZARE and nah
67
Psychoactive drug
A chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods
68
Addiction
Compulsive craving of drugs or certain behaviors despite known harmful consequences
69
Nicotine
Amphetamine- highly addictive- diminishes appetite, boosts alertness, calms anxiety, smoking correlates with higher depression
70
Cocaine
Amphetamine- temporary increased alertness, leads to crash and agitated depression, form consumed is key
71
Methamphetamine
Over time reduces dopamine level, stimulates brain cell enhances mood and energy irribality, insomnia, hypertension
72
Ecstasy
Short term health risks and long term harm to serotonin producing neuron aka hug drug molly
73
LSD
Hallucinogens- users mood and expectations affects how it affects you- europhia detachment from pain
74
Marijuana
Contains THC amplifies sensory sensitivity, impairs motor coordination, reaction time disrupts memory

Psych 101 (6 decks)

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