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Lifespan Development > test 3 > Flashcards

test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

For both girls and boys, puberty typically begins as young as _____ years of age or as late as _____ years of age

A

8; 14

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2
Q

For girls, the usual sequence of physical changes in puberty is?

A
  1. nipple growth
  2. growth spurt
  3. menarche
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3
Q

Gregory, age 11, noticed that he has some pubic hair. According to the usual sequence of puberty, his next pubertal event will be?

A

penis growth

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4
Q

what substance causes the ovaries and testes to greatly increase their production of estradiol and testosterone?

A

gonadotropin-releasing hormone

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5
Q

what type of correlation between body fat and the onset of puberty in females?

A

negative

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6
Q

one of the first signs of the growth spurt is ______

A

growth of fingers and toes

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7
Q

During adolescence, the ______ matures before the _____ in the brain

A
  1. limbic system

2. prefrontal cortex

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8
Q

deductive reasoning

A

reasoning from a general statement, premise, or principle, through logical steps, to figure out specifics

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9
Q

analytic thought

A

formal, logical, hypothetical-deductive thinking described by Piaget

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10
Q

incremental

A

the idea that intelligence can be directly increased by effort

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11
Q

the first hormones to begin the process of puberty are signaled from the child’s pituitary gland and then produced by the ______

A

adrenal glands

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12
Q

gonadotropin-releasing hormone

A

the substances that cause the ovaries and testes to greatly increase their production of estradiol and testosterone

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13
Q

a teen with negative _____ feels insecure about the way he or she looks, which often leads to dieting and poor nutrition

A

body image

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14
Q

the _____ system reaches full maturation before the prefrontal cortex, which makes strong, immediate sensations extremely attractive to teens

A

limbic system

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15
Q

recognition for academic excellence is especially elusive in _____ because teachers at this level tend to mark more harshly than those at other levels

A

middle school

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16
Q

the international test taken by 15 year olds that is designed to measure the problem solving and practical cognition used in daily life

A

PISA- program for international student assessment

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17
Q

relationship between stress and the onset of puberty and the evolutionary link of why this might exist

A

Positive correlation between stress levels and puberty. If one is highly stressed, their puberty begins earlier than their peers.
Evolution- when harsh conditions threatened human survival, it was crucial that adolescents reproduce early. Natural selection hastened puberty to increase birth rate, to ensure that people reproduced before they died.

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18
Q

5 issues with adolescent nutrition

A
  1. skip breakfast
  2. binge at midnight
  3. anemia in girls
  4. calcium deficiency because of not drinking enough milk
  5. poor food choices near schools
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19
Q

digital divide

A

gap between those who did and did not have computers a decade ago. The divide is shrinking today because of the lowered cost of smart phones. Now the digital dvide is age

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20
Q

cyberbullying

A

when a person is bullied via electronic devices
most harmful if the victim believes in an imaginary audience
adolescents most likely to be involved are usually already bullies or victims or both, with bully-victims the most likely to engage in, and suffer from, cyberbullying

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21
Q

what typically happens to student achievement and behavior during middle school?

A

academic achievement declines and behavioral problems arise because teachers have hundreds of students which makes them impersonal and distant and many middle schoolers seek acceptance from their peers rather than their teachers

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22
Q

identity diffusion refers to the identity status in which adolescents

A

do not commit to goals and fail to take on any role

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23
Q

17 year old nicholas failed classes, lost his job, and spends most of his time sleeping on the couch. When his parents voice their disapproval, he replies, “whatever”

A

role confusion

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24
Q

19 year old chad is serving a 2 yr mission for his church. when he returns home, he will decide whether to attend college and will make decisions about career and family

A

moratorium

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25
Q

research indicates that adolescents who work more than 20 hours a week during the school year ______

A

tend to hate their jobs and achieve less in school

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26
Q

In typical relationships, one would expect the most bickering between

A

mothers and daughts

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27
Q

bickering between parents and adolescents is most likely to

A

concern personal habits and dress

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28
Q

Shortly after Louisa turned 18, she developed a newfound appreciation of her parents. what contributed to her change in attitude?

A

her parents have adjusted to her independence

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29
Q

alisha took an overdose of prescription pills, but before she lost consciousness she called her mom for help. Alisha was rushed to the hospital for medical attention. This behavior is defined as ______

A

parasuicide

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30
Q

life-course-persistent offenders

A

may show signs of neurological impairment

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31
Q

______ is an identity status that is considered to be more mature response to identity exploration than foreclosure

A

moratorium

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32
Q

______ is a contributing cause of depression during adolescence

A

genetic vulnerability

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33
Q

a lack of commitment to any goals or values

A

role confusion or identity diffusion

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34
Q

gender identity

A

a person’s acceptance of the roles and behaviors that a culture associates with the biological categories for male and female

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35
Q

some parents may be overcontrolling. for example, they may not allow their child to use social media, which limits _______

A

supportive friendships

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36
Q

maria is 14 and performs many chores at home. Her parents are very proud of her. As a result, she is likely to experience an increase in ______

A

self esteem

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37
Q

parasuicide

A

deliberate self-harm that could have been lethal

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38
Q

one negative effect of tobacco is that it impairs _____ and nutrition and slows growth

A

digestion

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39
Q

parental example and social change are influential factors in an adolescent’s ______

A

drug use

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40
Q

3 ways in which young people cope with identity crsis

A
  • role confusion (identity diffusion)- does not know or care what his or her identity is
  • identity foreclosure- accepts without question the values of his or her parents or the culture around him or her. comfortable but temporary
  • moratorium- “time out” that includes opportunity for exploration without committing to a particular path (college)
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41
Q

peer facilitation

A

helps adolescents act in ways they are unlikely to act on their own
ex: graffiti or studying

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42
Q

Why is saying you “fell into the wrong crowd” not correct?

A

innocent teens are not corrupted by deviant friends. They choose their friends and models. They select friends whose values and interests they are.

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43
Q

rumination

A

act of repeatedly thinking about and talking about past experiences and possibilities

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44
Q

suicidal ideation

A

serious thoughts about killing oneself; peaks at around 15

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45
Q

parasuicide

A

any deliberate self-harm that could have been lethal

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46
Q

compare rates of suicide for males and females

A

rates of parasuicide and suicidal ideation are higher among females but rates of completed suicide are higher in males

47
Q

factors that decrease adolescent crime

A
  1. fewer high school dropouts
  2. wiser judges
  3. better policing
  4. smaller families
  5. better contraception and legal abortion
48
Q

emerging adults are in a high risk category for

A

serious injury and violent death

49
Q

malcolm has just taken a position as an emergency room nurse. he is likely to notice

A

emerging adults with a variety of injuries

50
Q

the 6 year graduation rate at public colleges is ____ %

A

50%

51
Q

personality traits at age 18 rarely _____

A

rarely disappear by age 25

52
Q

emerging adult jaqueline is a heavy social media user. she tends to have _____ face to face friends than do nonusers

A

more

53
Q

when are you most likely to hookup

A

at beginning of college and when you are lonely

54
Q

T/F: allostatsis causes pores to constrict and bodies to shiver

A

false

55
Q

the characteristsics of _______ thought (——–) are evident as the brain matures

A

postformal thought

practical, flexible, dialectcal

56
Q

what is the most important factor in a successful long-term relationship?

A

faithfulness

57
Q

ingesting a drug that impairs the user’s biological or psychological well-being is

A

drug abuse

58
Q

positive and negative aspects of emerging adults ability to take risks

A

enrolling in college, marriage, moving

more serious accidents

59
Q

intimacy vs isolation

A

developing relationships or being lonely after achieving identity

60
Q

differences between women’s friendships and mens friendships

A

women- more intimate and emotional

men-less touchy

61
Q

what global trend is evident with regard to alcohol?

A

low-income nations have more abstainers and abusers than affluent ntaions

62
Q

currently in the US, _____ of adults are overweight

A

2/3rds

63
Q

Tia has a BMI of 40. She would be classified as _____

A

morbidly obese

64
Q

first step in changing habit

A

denial

65
Q

factors that protect health

A

money
education
intelligence

66
Q

IVF has resulted in _____ million births

A

5

67
Q

intellectual decline prior to age 60 is typically pathological and caused by

A

poor circulation
drug abuse
viruses

68
Q

which individual is most at risk for significant brain loss by age 65?

A

hank, who drinks 5 beers a day

69
Q

the flynn effect is most likely due to the result of changes in

A

education and nutrition

70
Q

Bruce is a participant in a research study. he needs to decide how figure A relates to figure B. Bruce will need to use _____ to solve this problem

A

fluid intelligence

71
Q

cognitive artifacts

A

ways to amplify and extend general cognitive ability

72
Q

Janyce, a 50 year old women, has several stressors in her life, so she turns to her friends to help her deal with the pressure. Which statement best explains the physiological phenomenon associated with her method of coping?

A

her body is producing oxytocin, a hormone that encourages caring interactions

73
Q

which individual is most likely to have a lower IQ as a consequence of weathering?

A

a 40 year old african american

74
Q

what has an effect on how quickly skin wrinkles; fat slows down wrinkling

A

diet

75
Q

T/F: children born via IVF, regardless of birthweight, tend to develop slower than other children in terms of health, intelligence, and school achievement

A

false

76
Q

most people lose about ____ inches of height by age 65

A

one

77
Q

______ and high SES produce a longer life span and better health for people in every nation

A

education

78
Q

efforts to find specific genes or abilities that comprimise what spearman called _____ have not succeeded

A

g

79
Q

the first cross-sequential study of adult intelligence, which began in 1956 and has been repeated every 7 years, is called the ______

A

seattle longitudinal study

80
Q

creative intelligence

A

the capacity to be intellectually flexible and innovative

81
Q

females are likely to “_____”

A

tend and befriend

seek the company of other people when they are under pressure

82
Q

expert thought

A

automatic

complex action and thought required by most people has become routine

83
Q

the relationship between age and expertise is not straightforward; much depends on the task. the young have an advantage when speed is needed, but they are less adept at ______

A

vocabulary

84
Q

5 steps to break a habit

A
  1. denial
  2. awareness
  3. planning
  4. implementation
  5. maintenance
85
Q

possible causes of infertility and 3 treatments for infertile couples

A 
age 
low sperm count and women- anything that impairs physical body
treatments: 
1. surgery
2. assisted reproductive technology
86
Q

cross sectional vs longitudinal studies of IQ

A

cross-sectional- younger adults outscore older adults
longitudinal- most mental abilities improve during adulthood
differences caused by cohort effects
more education and better health and communication m

87
Q

fluid intelligence

A

basic intelligence that makes new learning of all sorts of quick and thorough and includes abilities such as short -term memory, abstract thought, and speed of thinking

88
Q

crystallized intelligence

A

reflects accumulated learning, such as vocabulary and general information

89
Q

problem focused coping

A

a person directly tackles a stressful situation

90
Q

emotional focused coping

A

changing your feelings about the stressor rather than changing the stressor itself

91
Q

with increasing age, the trait of neuroticism tends to

A

be modified

92
Q

approximately what proportion of divorces terminates an abusive or destructive relationship

A

1/3

93
Q

consequential strangers

A

people who are not in a person’s closest convoy but who still have an effect on the person’s life by providing information, support, or new ideas

94
Q

Randy moved across the country to advance his career. Though he moved alone, he soon developed friendships with coworkers and others who became like a family to him. They served as his _____.

A

social convoy

95
Q

_____ percent of adults under 65 are providing some care for family over 65

A

16

96
Q

_____ percent of adults are providing partial financial support for their grown children

A

21

97
Q

about ____- percent of the adults under 65 that are providing care for those over 65 are caring for their parents

A

42

98
Q

what is not important to people’s job satisfaction

A

absolute income

99
Q

_____ had the greatest effect on adult happiness

A

losing a job

100
Q

what happens to adults jobs once they are married?

A

males work more hours than before they are married

101
Q

micro aggressions may go _____ by the majority

A

unnoticed

102
Q

_____ intimacy needs are especially at risk when they divorce

A

men’s

103
Q

social convoy

A

a group of people who move through life with an individual, providing protection and encouragement

104
Q

adults who cant work are _____ percent more likely to die than other people their age

A

60

105
Q

weekend work, especially with mandatory overtime, is difficult for ______ relationships because it interrupts the normal rhythms of family life

A

father-son

106
Q

3 aspects of romantic love

A
  1. passion
  2. intimacy
  3. commitment
    passion occurs first, then shared confidences creates intimacy, and commitment leads to an enduring relationship.
107
Q

consummate love

A

when all 3 aspects of love are present

108
Q

what is the most crucial aspect of love

A

commitment

109
Q

consequential strangers vs friends

A

consequential strangers- acquaintances that provide info, support, and social integration
friends- mutual loyalty and aid, shared values

110
Q

what happens to parent child relationship when kids move away

A

grows stronger
provide with place to live and finances and emotional support
financial subsidies to adult children who are no longer in college correlate with symptoms of depression in adult children

111
Q

generativity vs stagnation

A

7th of eriksons psychosocial stages
generativity- being productive in a caring way
and establishing and guiding the next generation
without generativity, adults experience stagnation and personal impoverishment

112
Q

how do adults establish generativity

A

parenthood
caregiving
employment

113
Q

extrinsic rewards of work

A

tangible benefits

114
Q

intrinsic rewards of work

A

intangible gratifications that come from within oneself as a result of doing a job. Increases with age

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