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anatomy 202 > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

pulmonary ventilation -

A

breathing

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2
Q

External respiration -

A

alveoli and blood capillaries; exchange of gas between lungs and blood

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3
Q

transport of respiratory gases -

A

oxygen is delivered to tissues and carbon dioxide is removed

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4
Q

internal respiration -

A

gas exchange between blood and tissues

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5
Q

Aerobic respiration is a _______ process

A

metabolic

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6
Q
  • filters, moistens, warms air
A

nose

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7
Q
  • long hairs of the nose that filters large particles
A

vibrissae

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8
Q
  • nostrils
A

nares

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9
Q
  • bone structure designed to slow movement of air, covered with mucosa
A

conchae

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10
Q
  • air passageway created by the conchae
A

metus

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11
Q
  • mucosa lined cavities in bone
A

paranasal sinuses

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12
Q
  • posterior to the hard plate
A

soft palate

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13
Q
  • terminus(end) of soft plate
A

uvula

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14
Q
  • throat
A

pharynx

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15
Q
  • voice box
A

larynx

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16
Q
  • opening between vocal chords for air
A

glottis

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17
Q
  • covers glottis during swallowing
A

epiglottis

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18
Q
  • vocal chord
A

vocal fold

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19
Q
  • adam’s apple (laryngeal prominence)
A

thyroid cartilage

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20
Q
  • anchors to the trachea
A

cricoid cartilage

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21
Q
  • wind pipe which consists of hyaline cartilage and c rings, it is flexible
A

trachea

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22
Q
  • lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
A

Bronchus

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23
Q

clusters of alveoli

A

alveolar sacs -

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24
Q
  • sacs where gas exchange takes place, increases surface area
A

alveolar

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25
Q
  • dome shaped muscle of breathing
A

diaphragm

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26
Q

______ is the apex of the lungs

A

cupula

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27
Q
  • pressure is inversely directed to the volume
A

Boyle’s law

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28
Q
  • increase in volume of the thoracic cavity
A

inspiration

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29
Q
  • decrease in the volume of thoracic cavity
A

expression

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30
Q

Intrapulmonary pressure -

A

760 mmHg same as atmospheric pressure

31
Q

Intrapleural pressure -

A

756 mmHg; this keeps the lungs in place

32
Q
  • normal breathing rate of 12-14 times a minute for adults
A

Eupnea

33
Q

Alveolar ventilation -

A

the air that reaches the alveoli for respiration

34
Q

Apnea -

A

stopped breathing

35
Q

Tachypnea -

A

rapid shallow breathing

36
Q

Hyperpnea -

A

increased rate of deep breathing

37
Q

Bradypnea -

A

slow breathing

38
Q

Dyspnea -

A

difficult breathing

39
Q

Sinusitis -

A

inflamed sinus

40
Q
  • artificial surgical opening of the trachea
A

Tracheostomy

41
Q
  • closing of the glottis to prevent exhalation during straining
A

Valsala’s maneuver

42
Q
  • procedure to dislodge an object in the airway
A

heimlich maneuver

43
Q
  • inflammation of the lungs?
A

pleurisy

44
Q
  • permit enlargement of the alveoli and destruction of the alveolar wall; results in a loss of elasticity
A

emphysema

45
Q
  • double layered serosa of lungs
A

pleura

46
Q
  • lines the thoracic wall
A

parietal pleura

47
Q
  • covers lungs
A

visceral pleura

48
Q
  • fluid reduces friction
A

intrapleural serous

49
Q
  • inflammation of the pleura; results in painful breathing
A

pleurisy

50
Q
  • a lipoprotein that is secreted by the alveolar cells to reduce surface tension; keeps alveoli from collapsing
A

Surfactant

51
Q
  • lack of surfactant due to premature birth
A

IRDS - infant respiratory distress syndrome

52
Q
  • amount of ir taken in during eupnea (500 mL)
A

Tidal volume

53
Q
  • inspired forcibility beyond the tidal volume
A

inspiratory reserve volume

54
Q
  • expired forcibility beyond tidal volume
A

Expiratory reserve volume

55
Q
  • air in lungs that can not be expired
A

Residual volume

56
Q
  • air in conducting passage way (150 mL)
A

Anatomical dead space

57
Q
  • instrument used to measure lung volume
A

Spirometer

58
Q

Bell Spirometer uses _____ displacement to calculate lung volume

A

water

59
Q

Partial pressure of oxygen - arteries ___ mmhg; veins __ mmhg

A

104; 40

60
Q

partial pressure of carbon dioxide - arteries __ mmHg; veins __ mmHg

A

40; 45

61
Q

Increased pressure will increase ____ ability

A

solute

62
Q
  • Nitrogen bubbles form in the blood
A

The Bends

63
Q

_______ acts as a buffer and maintains a constant pH in the blood

A

Bicarbonate

64
Q

The _______ and ______ are the primary parts of the brain that control respiration (brain stem)

A

medulla; pons

65
Q

Medullary inspiratory center controls the _____ ______ __ ________ by inspiration and expiration and is self-excitatory

A

basic rhythm of respiration

66
Q

______ inspiratory center - rhythmic autonomic reflex

A

Medullary

67
Q

pneumotaxic area of upper pons - _____ inspiration

A

inhibit

68
Q

apneustic area of lower pons - stimulates the inspiratory area to _____ inspiration;
inhibited by impulse from stretch receptors in lungs to prevent over stretching

A

prolong

69
Q

_________ can alter breathing pattern and it can temporarily override pons and medulla

A

Cerebral cortex

70
Q
  • contains chemosensitive areas that are sensitive to blood concentrations of CO2 and H
A

medulla

71
Q

The carotid bodies and aortic bodies are sensitive to ________ changes in CO2 O2 and H levels in the blood

A

chemoreceptors

72
Q

_______ is when the body expels Co2 to get gas levels back to normal

A

Hyperventilation

73
Q
  • slow rate of respiration allows for build up of PCo2 and H
A

Hypoventilation

74
Q

Co2 and H chemoreceptors are more sensitive than _____ receptors

A

Oxygen

anatomy 202 (4 decks)

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