Test 3

Question 1

Hypertension:

Answer 1

Additive. Greatly increased resistance in blood flow thru the vascular system, heart over works and weakens and eventually wears out.

Question 2

Myocardial Infarction:

Answer 2

Additive. Total blockage of coronary artery, single most frequent cause of death in the USA.

Question 3

Embolus:

Answer 3

Additive. Any foreign mass that travels thru the blood stream and occludes a vessel.

Question 4

Thrombus:

Answer 4

Additive: Formation of blood clots within a vein, commonly in the veins of lower limbs and result from a slowing of blood return to the heart.

Question 5

Tetralogy of Fallot:

Answer 5

Additive. Consists of 4 tetra abnormalities:

1. high ventricular septal defect
2. pulmonary stenosis
3. overriding of aortic office above ventricular defect
4. right ventricular hypertrophy

Question 6

Coarctation of the Aorta:

Answer 6

Additive. Narrowing or constriction of aorta. Blood flow to abdomen and legs is compromised.

Question 7

Coronary Artery Disease:

Answer 7

Additive. Narrowing of lumen of one or more coronary arteries. Results in oxygen deprivation of myocardium and ischemic heart disease.

Question 8

Congestive Heart Failure:

Answer 8

Additive. Inability of heart to propel blood at a rate and volume sufficient to provide adequate supply to tissues.

Question 9

Pulmonary Edema:

Answer 9

Additive. Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the extravascular pulmonary tissues.

Question 10

Aneurysm:

Answer 10

Localized dilation of an artery, most commonly involves the aorta.

Question 11

Atherosclerosis:

Answer 11

Additive. Thickening, hardening and loss of elasticity in arterial wall. Narrowing and occlusions of arteries.

Question 12

Pericardial Effusion:

Answer 12

Additive. Accumulation of fluid within the pericardial space surrounding the heart.

Question 13

Meningitis:

Answer 13

Additive. Acute inflammation of the pia mater and arachnoid.

Question 14

Encephalitis:

Answer 14

Additive. Viral inflammation of the brain and meninges with a wide range of symptoms.

Question 15

Brain Abscess:

Answer 15

Usually a result of chronic infections of the middle ear, paranasal sinuses or mastoid air cells or of systemic infections.

Question 16

Subdural Empyema:

Answer 16

A suppurative process in the space between the inner surface of the dura and the outer surface of the arachnoid, most commonly caused by the spread of infection from the frontal or ethmoid sinuses.

Question 17

Osteomyelitis of the Skull:

Answer 17

Most commonly caused by direct extension of a suppurative process from the paranasal sinuses, mastoid air cells or scalp. Changes don’t develop until 1-2 weeks after symptoms begin.

Question 18

Acoustic Neuroma:

Answer 18

A slowly growing benign tumor. Most often originates in the internal auditory canal. Arrises from schwann cells in the vestibular portion of the auditory nerve.

Question 19

Pituitary adenoma:

Answer 19

Usually arises in the anterior lobe.

Question 20

What are the most common cancers to spread to the brain?

Answer 20

Lung and breast, usually reach the brain by hematogenous spread.

Question 21

Subdural Hematoma:

Answer 21

Caused by venous bleeding usually in a vein between the dura and the other meninges. shows up on a CT scan as crescent shaped.

Question 22

Epilepsy:

Answer 22

A condition in which brain impulses are temporarily disturbed with ranging symptoms such as loss of consciousness to violent seizures.

Question 23

Describe the two types of epilepsy:

Answer 23

Petite Mal: mildest form, commonly in children, generally disappears in young adulthood.

Grand Mal: generalized convulsions with the patient falling to the floor, hyper salivating and loss of control of urine.

Question 24

Alzheimers Disease:

Answer 24

Diffuse form of progressive cerebral atrophy that develops at an earlier age than the senile period.

Question 25

Parkinsons Disease:

Answer 25

A progressive degenerative disease characterized by involuntary tremors , stiffness and slowness, fixed facial expression and stooped posture. Shaking palsy

Question 26

Multiple Sclerosis:

Answer 26

Involves an immune-mediated process in which an abnormal response of the body’s immune system is directed against the central nervous system

Question 27

Cholelithiasis:

Answer 27

Stones or calculi in the GB or biliary tree.

Question 28

Liver Necrosis:

Answer 28

Additive. degenerative disease caused by viral infections and poisons entering the body, such as alcohol.

Question 29

Cirrhosis of the liver:

Answer 29

Chronic condition where liver parenchyma and architecture are destroyed

Question 30

Ascites:

Answer 30

Accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Question 31

Jaundice:

Answer 31

a medical condition with yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes, arising from excess of the pigment bilirubin and typically caused by obstruction of the bile duct, by liver disease, or by excessive breakdown of red blood cells.

Question 32

Lymphoma:

Answer 32

Neoplasms of the lymphoreticular system aka lymph nodes, spleen, lymphoid tissue of parenchymal organs.

Question 33

Polycythemia:

Answer 33

Increased production of erythrocytes, granulocytes and platelets.

Question 34

Infectious mononucleosis:

Answer 34

Self limited viral disease of the lymphoreticular system

Question 35

Hepatitis C:

Answer 35

infection caused by Hepatitis C virus that attacks the liver and leads to inflammation. Chronic carriers run into the risk of developing liver cirrhosis and or liver cancer.