Test 1

Question 1

Define disease:

Answer 1

the pattern of the bodies response to some form of injury that causes a deviation from of variation of normal conditions.

Question 2

define nosocomial:

Answer 2

contracted from the acute care facility

Question 3

define iatrogenic:

Answer 3

disease caused by a physician or treatment

Question 4

define idiopathic:

Answer 4

underlying cause is unknown

Question 5

define signs:

Answer 5

measurable or objective manifestations.

Question 6

define symptoms:

Answer 6

feelings that the pt describes, subjective manifestations.

Question 7

describe hereditary disease:

Answer 7

result from an abnormality in the DNA. They pass from one generation to the next thru the genetic information contained in the nucleus of each cell.

Question 8

define benign vs. malignant:

Answer 8

benign-growth which closely resembles their cells of origin in the structure and function

malignant-neoplstic growth that invades and destroys adjacent structures.

Question 9

what are the signs of inflammation?

Answer 9

rubor (redness)
calor (heat)
tumor
dolor (pain)
loss of function

Question 10

define atelectasis:

Answer 10

a condition in which there is diminished air within the lung associated with reduced lung volume.

Question 11

define cystic fibrosis:

Answer 11

the secretion of excessively viscous muscus by all of th exocrine glands, caused by a defective gene in the middle of chromosome 7.

Question 12

define hyaline membrane disease:

Answer 12

aka idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome

caused by a lack of surfactant in the immature lungs, it is the most common cause of respiratory distress in newborns, primarily premature ones.

Question 13

define pneumonia:

Answer 13

inflammation of the lung that can be caused by a variety of organisms most commonly bacteria and viruses

Question 14

define TB:

Answer 14

caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 15

define emphysema:

Answer 15

a type of COPD in which chronic obstruction of the airways leads to ineffective exchange of respiratory gases and makes breathing difficult

Question 16

define subcutaneous emphysema:

Answer 16

free air in the tissues of the chest wall. This is caused by penetrating or blunt injuries that disrupt the lung and parietal pleura.

Question 17

define pneumothorax:

Answer 17

presence of air in the pleural cavity resulting in a partial or complete collapsing of the lung.

Question 18

define pleural effusion:

Answer 18

accumulation of fluid in the pleural space

Question 19

Define etiology:

Answer 19

the cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition

Question 20

Define etiology:

Answer 20

the cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition

Question 21

Define prognosis:

Answer 21

a forecast of the likely course of a disease or ailment.

Question 22

Define diagnosis:

Answer 22

the identification of the nature of an illness or other problem by examination of the symptoms.

Question 23

Define acute disease:

Answer 23

A disease or disorder that lasts a short time, comes on rapidly, and is accompanied by distinct symptoms

Question 24

Define chronic disease:

Answer 24

a human health condition or disease that is persistent or otherwise long-lasting in its effects or a disease that comes with time. The term chronic is often applied when the course of the disease lasts for more than three months.

Question 25

Define spina bifida:

Answer 25

Occurs in babies where a portion of the neural tube fails to close properly causing defects in the spinal cord and bones of the back.

Congenital

Question 26

Define osteogenesis imperfecta:

Answer 26

Genetic disorder in which bones break easily

Question 27

Define achondroplasia:

Answer 27

Dwarfism. Long torso w/ short extremities and large head.

Question 28

Rheumatoid arthritis:

Answer 28

Inflammatory disease that leads to joint destruction involving small joints

Question 29

Define osteoarthritis

Answer 29

degeneration of joint cartilage and the underlying bone

Question 30

Osteomyelitis

Answer 30

inflammation of bone or bone marrow, usually due to infection

Question 31

Osteoporosis

Answer 31

Characterized by low bone mass and structural deteriorating of bone tissue

Metabolic

Question 32

Osteomalacia/rickets

Answer 32

Results when there’s a vitamin D, calcium or phosphorus shortage in a child’s body

Metabolic

Question 33

Define gout:

Answer 33

Gouty arthritis results from deposits of sodium urate crystals in joints. Big toe is usually first affected

Metabolic

Question 34

What’s Paget’s disease

Answer 34

Excessive and abnormal bone remodeling

Metabolic

Question 35

Define osteochondroma:

Answer 35

A lesion that appears as a bony projection. Most common benign tumors of bones.

Question 36

Define Marfan syndrome

Answer 36

Destructive hereditary disease that affects the connective tissue, ocular, skeletal and cardiovascular systems.

Question 37

What causes Marfan syndrome?

Answer 37

A change in the gene that creates the glycoprotein fibrilin which is important in the creation of elastic fibers found in connective tissues

Question 38

What are the external signs of Marfan syndrome?

Answer 38

Long fingers, legs and arms
Thin and tall
Flat feet
Stretch marks
Crowded teeth

Question 39

Internal signs of Marfan syndrome?

Answer 39

Dilation of aortic root of heart
Mitral valve prolapse 
Sudden collapsing of lung 
Detached retina or severe near sightedness 
Early onset glaucoma 
Cataracts

Question 40

Treatment for Marfan syndrome?

Answer 40

No current treatment but may be relived by physical therapy and laser eye treatment.