Test 1 Flashcards
Define disease:
the pattern of the bodies response to some form of injury that causes a deviation from of variation of normal conditions.
define nosocomial:
contracted from the acute care facility
define iatrogenic:
disease caused by a physician or treatment
define idiopathic:
underlying cause is unknown
define signs:
measurable or objective manifestations.
define symptoms:
feelings that the pt describes, subjective manifestations.
describe hereditary disease:
result from an abnormality in the DNA. They pass from one generation to the next thru the genetic information contained in the nucleus of each cell.
define benign vs. malignant:
benign-growth which closely resembles their cells of origin in the structure and function
malignant-neoplstic growth that invades and destroys adjacent structures.
what are the signs of inflammation?
rubor (redness) calor (heat) tumor dolor (pain) loss of function
define atelectasis:
a condition in which there is diminished air within the lung associated with reduced lung volume.
define cystic fibrosis:
the secretion of excessively viscous muscus by all of th exocrine glands, caused by a defective gene in the middle of chromosome 7.
define hyaline membrane disease:
aka idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome
caused by a lack of surfactant in the immature lungs, it is the most common cause of respiratory distress in newborns, primarily premature ones.
define pneumonia:
inflammation of the lung that can be caused by a variety of organisms most commonly bacteria and viruses
define TB:
caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis
define emphysema:
a type of COPD in which chronic obstruction of the airways leads to ineffective exchange of respiratory gases and makes breathing difficult
define subcutaneous emphysema:
free air in the tissues of the chest wall. This is caused by penetrating or blunt injuries that disrupt the lung and parietal pleura.
define pneumothorax:
presence of air in the pleural cavity resulting in a partial or complete collapsing of the lung.
define pleural effusion:
accumulation of fluid in the pleural space
Define etiology:
the cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition
Define etiology:
the cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition
Define prognosis:
a forecast of the likely course of a disease or ailment.
Define diagnosis:
the identification of the nature of an illness or other problem by examination of the symptoms.
Define acute disease:
A disease or disorder that lasts a short time, comes on rapidly, and is accompanied by distinct symptoms
Define chronic disease:
a human health condition or disease that is persistent or otherwise long-lasting in its effects or a disease that comes with time. The term chronic is often applied when the course of the disease lasts for more than three months.
Define spina bifida:
Occurs in babies where a portion of the neural tube fails to close properly causing defects in the spinal cord and bones of the back.
Congenital
Define osteogenesis imperfecta:
Genetic disorder in which bones break easily
Define achondroplasia:
Dwarfism. Long torso w/ short extremities and large head.
Rheumatoid arthritis:
Inflammatory disease that leads to joint destruction involving small joints
Define osteoarthritis
degeneration of joint cartilage and the underlying bone
Osteomyelitis
inflammation of bone or bone marrow, usually due to infection
Osteoporosis
Characterized by low bone mass and structural deteriorating of bone tissue
Metabolic
Osteomalacia/rickets
Results when there’s a vitamin D, calcium or phosphorus shortage in a child’s body
Metabolic
Define gout:
Gouty arthritis results from deposits of sodium urate crystals in joints. Big toe is usually first affected
Metabolic
What’s Paget’s disease
Excessive and abnormal bone remodeling
Metabolic
Define osteochondroma:
A lesion that appears as a bony projection. Most common benign tumors of bones.
Define Marfan syndrome
Destructive hereditary disease that affects the connective tissue, ocular, skeletal and cardiovascular systems.
What causes Marfan syndrome?
A change in the gene that creates the glycoprotein fibrilin which is important in the creation of elastic fibers found in connective tissues
What are the external signs of Marfan syndrome?
Long fingers, legs and arms Thin and tall Flat feet Stretch marks Crowded teeth
Internal signs of Marfan syndrome?
Dilation of aortic root of heart Mitral valve prolapse Sudden collapsing of lung Detached retina or severe near sightedness Early onset glaucoma Cataracts
Treatment for Marfan syndrome?
No current treatment but may be relived by physical therapy and laser eye treatment.
