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Grade 12 Challenge and Change > Test # 3 > Flashcards

Test # 3 Flashcards

0
Q

What is Anomie?

A

Durkheim’s term to describe the conditions of the industrial workers who seemed to be without any roots or norms as they struggled daily to survive

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1
Q

What is Normative Influence?

A

a psychology term to describe the pressure to conform to the positive expectations of others

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2
Q

What is an Anarchist?

A

people who try to destroy the society in which they live through armed struggle, hoping to build a purer society on the ruins of the old one

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3
Q

What is inclusiveness?

A

The belief that all law-abiding people, regardless of their particular background or circumstances, should be able to play a constructive role in the life of the nation

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4
Q

What is income inequality?

A

the gap between what the rich and poor earn in society

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5
Q

What is participation rate?

A

The percentage of the population, or a group within it, 16-64 years of age, available for paid work who are actively employed in the paid economy at any given time

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6
Q

What is Alienation?

A

a feeling that one does not share in the major values and goals of society

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7
Q

What is systematic discrimination?

A

Describes a system that favours one or some groups over others in terms of hiring, benefits, promotions, and pay increases

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8
Q

What are Public Policy Questions?

A

Social questions of such significance that politicians and social agencies are obliged to take part in the public discussions about possible solutions

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9
Q

What is subject validity?

A

Social psychologists’ term for the virtually universal belief that our attitudes are right and proper

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10
Q

What is informative influence?

A

A psychology term to describe the human desire to accept that the information another admired person tells us is valid

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11
Q

What is singularity?

A

A belief that everyone in society should act and think the same way

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12
Q

What is pluralism?

A

the belief that there should be wide spread acceptance of differences in culture, religion, values, and lifestyle within a society

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13
Q

What is domestication?

A

The taming of plants and animals in order to control their availability for human use

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14
Q

What is abiotic change?

A

change in our habitat brought on by non-living factors such as weather and climate

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15
Q

What is biotic change?

A

change in our habitat brought on by living factors such as vegetation and animal populations

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16
Q

What is conformity?

A

Pressure to accept and abide by the social values of the society in which we live

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17
Q

What are the conditions for social change?

A
  1. Leadership
  2. Role of the Elites
  3. Populace Ready For Change
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18
Q

What is leadership and its significance when it comes to social change?

A

Charismatic Leaders: Leaders are a strong force for bringing about social change.They are characterized by vision, magnetic style and strong popular support.

Leaders may also bring about social change by force. Many eople may not agree/approve of the changes being implemented, but are powerless to do anything about it.

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19
Q

What is the Role of Elites in regards to helping bring about social change?

A

Elite members of society are a driving force in bringing about change. Their status gives them access to power, wealth, popular support, charisma.

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20
Q

What is the significance of a population ready for change in regards to social change?

A

If population is not ready for the change leaders propose, nothing will happen

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21
Q

What are some impediments to social change?

A
  1. Traditional Cultural Values
  2. Expense of Change
  3. Social Science Research
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22
Q

What is the significance of Traditional Cultural Values in regards to social change?

A

Proposed changes may not be welcome by the existing culture and may be difficult to promote (views on discrimination, introduction of technology, change in social opinions, etc.)

23
Q

What is the significance of the expense when it comes to social change?

A

Introduction of new programs (i.e. social assistance, work creation programs, etc.) may have a high price attached to them and go beyond the ability of the exisiting leaders/government to support them

24
Q

What is the significance of Social Science Research when it comes to social change?

A

When social scientists study the need for change, they may not consider the needs/affects of change on marginalized groups. Those groups who can advocate with a stronger voice may have influence in the change process.

25
Q

What are the negative aspects of conformity?

A

Conformity has a tendency to discourage social change. The desire to conform can act like inertia (force that continues to go forward)- people tend to do the same thing the same way year after year, and resist temptation to change

Conformity may encourage people to accept practices that they know, or suspect, are wrong and it can make people afraid to speak out against various beliefs/practices

26
Q

What contributed to the increased number of women in the work force?

A 
~Women have higher education levels now 
~smaller families
~higher divorce rates 
~a shift in attitudes towards working women 
~opening of more jobs towards women
27
Q

What was the reason for the Employment Equity Act?

A

The purpose of the Employment Equity Act was to tackle systematic discrimination. Systematic discrimination is when the system favours some groups over others in terms of hiring.

28
Q

What requirements were put on the employers after the Employment Equity Act was put in place?

A

The first reqirement that was placed on employers by the Employment Equity Act was that they were required to have a program to target, for hiring, members of the various equity groups throughout the government. The second requirement placed on employers was that they needed to provide equal pay for work of equal value. This means that the job classifications needed to be compared for the skills they require, the responsibilities they involve, their working conditions, and the effort required. All jobs that score equally based on these categories need to be paid the same rate.

29
Q

What are the target demographics for the Employment Equity Act?

A

Women, aboriginal people, members of visual minorities, and people with mental or physical disabilities.

30
Q

What is the Low Income Cut Off Line?

A

a complex statistical measure by Statistic Canada the amount of income necessary to maintain a decent life

31
Q

How is the Low Income Cut Off Line calculated?

A

Formula: 36% of after tax income + an additional 20% = 56%

If a family is spending more than 56% of total income on maintaining these necessities they are below the Low-income cut-off line (Poverty Line)

32
Q

What are the measures of Income Inequalities?

A

1) Relative Income Inequalities

2) Comparing Absolute Income Inequalities

33
Q

What are Relative Income Inequalities?

A

The population is divided into 5 Quintiles of 20% in each Quintile. Each is ranked from Lowest to Highest depending on the percent of total income that each earns.

May not be a good representation on income inequality because theoretically, everyone can enjoy an adequate amount of income if the society is rich enough

34
Q

What is Comparing Absolute Income Inequalities?

A

Compares the amount of income earned by different groups in Canada. Absolute income makes it easier to identify some public policy questions/concerns

35
Q

What are the Ontario Government Programs for dealing with Welfare Distribution?

A
  1. Disincentive Programs

2. Functional Repercussions

36
Q

What is the Disincentive Program?

A

In 1995 the Ontario government reduced the the level of welfare payments by 21.6% believing that payments were too high and that they created a disincentive, that discourages some recipents from finding employment

37
Q

What are the opposing views of Industrialism and Environmentalism?

A

Early sociologists downplayed physical, biological factors in society, but by the 70s, people in Industrialized societies were concerned that pollution of the environment was a real danger to the health and future of the human race. Today, environmental sociology is a huge and diverse field of study.

38
Q

What is the Dominant Paradigm?

A

The Industial lobbies look to the dominant paradigm which says that humans have the duty to create material wealth to pass on to future generations, and that we have the right to change or corrupt the natural world in order to do so.

39
Q

What is the Environmental Paradigm?

A

The Environmentalists look to the alternative environmental paradigm, which encourages society to place a higher importance on relationships and non-material values.

40
Q

What is the Traditional Theory of technology and social change?

A

Societal change is initiated by an individual person who shares an idea with his or her community. If that idea is accepted, society changes to adapt to the new idea.

41
Q

What is the Technological Determinism Theory for technology and social change?

A

A view that social change is initiated by technology and not necessarily by the individual.

42
Q

What are the negative side effects of technology and social change?

A

Canadians often embrace new technologies without really considering the consequences of the technology itself. While the internet allows access to enormous amounts of useful information, it also provides people with access to negative or potentially dangerous information and websites.

43
Q

What is Future Shock in regards to technology and social change?

A

Disorientation brought on by technological advancement creating a sense that the future has arrived prematurely. Until peopple learn to control the rate of change in their own lives, as well as society in general, they are destined for a “massive adaptational breakdown”.

44
Q

What is Technosis in regards to technology and social change?

A

An overblown attachment to or dependency on technology. This could apply to people feeling “out of touch” if they do not check their text messages or e-mails all the time. The psychological implications of dependency on technology to the extent that it can cause both phobias and addictions.

45
Q

What is the Combined View in regards to technology and social change?

A

Combination of Technological Determinism and Traditional Theory

Many academics try to combine the two views by taking the position that social change is initiated by both societal ideals and the introduction of new technology. In this way, technology is neither discounted nor elevated in a balanced theory of social change.

46
Q

How has computer communication transformed social relationships?

A

Sociologists are concerned about social relationships when interactions are devoid of human touch.
Loss of acceptable style of writing in exchange for point form writing, informal emails. Can cause you to lose the skill of formal essay writing.

47
Q

How does Lueck describe the characteristics of an Informated family Family?

A

a) Do not simply use technology, they live in an ecosystem of technology
b) Technology can be seen as a medium by which families can do things together
c) Technology does not transform families; it allows them to practice old traditions in a new way
d) Technology has a symbolic role in family life - the home becomes a place of production with the new product being family
e) Technnology has blurred the line between paid work and life at home

48
Q

According to Dr. Jan English-Lueck suggest are three prominent chatacteristics of parents working to support their family?

A

~Spend a lot of time thinking about their paid jobs even when they are not at work
~They bring a lot of their work home with them
~Many parents approach their family life from a work perspective (task oriented households)

49
Q

Explain why the Kind of Bhutan is concerned about the loss of traditions as a result of daily satalite televisions.

A

Inciting young viewers to imitate what they say on television.
Threatened to reode traditions such as folklore passed from mone generation to another.
For example, young people were becoming obsessed with the romantic stories presented on TV and distracted Buddhist teachings.

50
Q

What are Genetically Modified Foods?

A

The use of Biotechnology to increase the production of agriculture and livestock for human consumption

51
Q

What are the cons of Genetically Modified Food?

A

~Genetic Modification Technology: is relatively new and evolving so quickly, no conclusive research has been done on the long term effects of these foods on human health, animal health, plant health, the environment and local and national economies.

~Introduction of Biotechnology: may disrupt indigenous land-use practices and have a negative effect on the environments of those economies

52
Q

What are the pros of genetically modified foods?

A

Because population is expected to grow to over 10 billion by the middle of the twenty-first century-new methods of producing food are necessary

53
Q

Define Functional Repercussions

A

the logical and positive outcome of a given situation

54
Q

What is tension and Adaptation?

A

Based on the Structural Functionalist school of thought, changes in one part of a social system can cause tension on the rest. Members of Society will seek to eliminate tension by adaptation in order to restore Equilibrium (eg. Introduction of social assistance programs during high unemployment during the depression)

55
Q

What is Accumulation?

A

Cultural Materialism states that physical materials, conditions, economic activity, and technology within an environment determine how the ideas and ideology of a culture develop. Growth of human knowledge and goods from generation to generation allows societies to develop new ways of doing things. As economic an technological changes take place, social change inevitably follows. (i.e. Introduction of television)

Grade 12 Challenge and Change (5 decks)

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