Test 3 Flashcards
….4 most common orders of TG pests
Orthoptera
Homoptera & Hemiptera
Coleoptra
Lepidoptera
___ is the most important aspect to control TG pests
identification
Sampling provides 2 pieces of info:
- predicts pest problems
- quantifies damage and helps decide about chemical control
___ are responsible for major turf damage every year
key pests
___ are high risk areas due to grass type, exposure, & soil characteristics
key locations
2 methods of MONITORING pest populations
- visual inspection techniques
- passive techniques
Visual Inspection Techniques (list)
- spot sampling
- irritant sampling
- flotation
spot sampling:
visually inspect turfgrass
- make sure that thatch is under control
irritant sampling:
uses flushing agents (soaps, insecticides)
- requires thorough soaking
- thatch control is important
Flotation:
- push cylinder into thatch, add water until it says for a few seconds, pest will be on top
- count for both pests and predators
- most common for chinch bugs
- very acurate
- takes time
to sample for insects in the soil
spade at surface and count
Passive techniques for sampling (list)
- blacklight traps
- pheremone traps
- flor-a-lure traps
- pitfall traps
when developing IPM program, know:
- all inputs that are required to produce & maintain healthy turf
- life cycle of pest
- how to ID pest correctly
- that damage is from pest, and not other
- monitoring system for pests and weather
- how to keep careful records
- what you will use for control
- how effective was a chemical on a certain pest
***record keeping***
Bermudagrass Mite
Preferred TG
bermuda
bermudagrass mite
damage
feed on epidermal cells
- h2o and nutrient stress
bermudagrass mite
symptoms
yellowing at tip, moving down blade
tufting and rosetting
bermudagrass mite
control
cultural
microbial
chemical
Mole Crickets
preferred TG
bahia and bermuda
Mole Crickets
damage
feed and tunnel
eat and destroy root system
Mole Crickets
symptoms
wilting
quick dieback
damage from foot and cart traffic
Mole Crickets
control
biological
chemical
Chinch bugs
preferred TG
Hairy chinch bug: bluegrass, bentgrass, fescues
Southern Chinch Bug: St. Augustine, Centipede, Zoysia
Chinch bugs
damage
peircing and sucking mouthparts feed on plant sap
water and nutrient stress
Chinch bugs
symptoms
yellowing to red/brown color
looks like sun scauld
Chinch bugs
control
HPR
cultural
chemical
Green Bug
preferred TG
North: bentgrass and fescue
South: Bermudagrass and centipede
Green Bug
damage
peircing and sucking mouthparts feed on phloem
cements to stem to feed, cement remains
toxins in saliva
Green Bug
symptoms
yellow spots and orange color
Green Bug
control
HPR
chemical
Two-Lined Spittlebug
preferred TG
bermuda
centipede
St. Augustine
Two-Lined Spittlebug
damage
P&S extract h2o and nutrients in large amounts
lot of water used to maintain spittle
feeds in xylem and around crown
injects toxin
Two-Lined Spittlebug
symptoms
wilting and dieback
toxin causes streaking/stippling
Two-Lined Spittlebug
control
cultural
chemical
Ground Pearl
preferred TG
bermuda
centipede
st. augustine
zoysia
Ground Pearl
damage
p&s leads to water and nutrient stress
Ground Pearl
symptoms
yellowing and dieback
Ground Pearl
control
cultural
Rhodesgrass Mealybug
preferred TG
all major TG’s
Rhodesgrass Mealybug
damage
water and nutrient stress
Rhodesgrass Mealybug
symptoms
yellowing and wilting at the same time
Rhodesgrass Mealybug
control
biological
chemical
Billbugs
preferred TG
bluegrass billbug: bluegrass
hunting billbug: bermudagrass
Billbugs
damage
larva: above ground
adults: root system
Billbugs
symptoms
mimics drought, chinchbug, or white grub damage
Billbugs
control
HPR
Chemical
Green June Beetle
preferred TG
no preference
Green June Beetle
damage
young larva: tunnel horizontally, cutting root system and loosening soil
older instars: tunnel vertically cutting deep roots and pushing soil
Green June Beetle
symptoms
push soil to the surface, causing damage to machinery
Green June Beetle
control
chemical
May & June Beetle
preferred TG
North: bluegrass
South: bermudagrass
May & June Beetle
damage
feed close to crown and below soil
May & June Beetle
symptoms
yellowing and dieback
turfgrass is spongy and easily broken apart
May & June Beetle
control
cultural
biological
chemical
Japanese Beetle
preferred TG
bermuda
centipede
Japanese Beetle
damage
feed on root system
causes water and nurtient stress
Japanese Beetle
symptoms
yellowing and dieback
Japanese Beetle
control
biological
chemical
Southern Masked Chafer
preferred TG
North: Bluegrass
South: Bermudagrass
pasture grasses
Southern Masked Chafer
damage
feeds on root system
cutting off water and nutrients
Southern Masked Chafer
symptoms
yellowing and dieback
Southern Masked Chafer
control
biological
chemical
frit fly
preferred TG
N: Bentgrass and Bluegrass
S: Bermuda and St. Augustine
frit fly
damage
rasps blades to crown wth mouth hooks
frit fly
symptoms
2 parallel scars on blade
frit fly
control
chemical
sod webworm
preferred TG
all species
sod webworm
damage
Larva: feed on leaf tips
older instars tunnel in thatch, cuts blades, and pull them into tunnel
sod webworm
symptoms
sometimes looks like disease
sod webworm
control
HPR
Biological
Chemical
Army Worm
preferred TG
all TG’s
Army Worm
damage
feed crown up
skeletonize blades
feed EN MASSE
Army Worm
symptoms
skeletonized blades
Army Worm
control
cultural
chemical
Fall Army Worm
preferred TG
bermudagrass
Fall Army Worm
damage
feed on everything from crown up
Fall Army Worm
control
HPR
Biological
Cultural
Chemical
Black Cutworm
preferred TG
N: Blue and Fescue
S: bermuda and centipede
Black Cutworm
damage
feed on roots up to crown
Black Cutworm
symptoms
yellowing and dieback
Black Cutworm
control
chemical
