Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

General Biology 2 > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a Dicoecious Species?

A

Have separate male and female individuals, which eliminates the possibility of self-fertilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Male part of Dicoecious Species?

A

Staminate flowers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Female part of Dicoecious Species?

A

Carpellate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are Angiosperms?

A

Flowering plants that produce seeds within fruits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Examples of Angiosperms?

A

Wheat, rice, corn, potatoes, cassava, sweet potatoes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 2 Major Classes of Angiosperms?

A

Monocots and Dicots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are Monocots?

A

o mostly herbaceous, long, narrow leaves
o Parallel veination
o Flower parts occur in threes
o Single cotyledon
o Endosperm present
o Vascular bundles scattered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are Dicots?

A

o Herbaceous or woody
o Leaves variable in shape
o Netted veination
o Flower part in 4 or 5
o 2 cotyledons
o Endosperm usually absent
o Vascular bundles in a circle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Open Growth?

A

Growth can vary in different ways in most plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Closed Growth?

A

Growth is the same/uniform, in mammals, birds, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Types of Growth?

A

Primary & Secondary Growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where does Primary Growth Occur?

A

Apical Meristem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where does Secondary Growth Occur?

A

Lateral Meristem/Vascular Cambium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are Parts of a Terminal Bud?

A
  • Rudimentary Leaf
  • Shoot Apical Meristem
  • Bud Primordium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the Parts of a Stem Tip and Primary Meristem?

A
  • Protoderm
  • Ground Meristem
  • Procambium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a Xylem?

A
  • Only works when it is dead
  • Hollows itself out to make a tube
  • Must be continuous from roots to the shoot
  • Moves water through plant
17
Q

What is Transpiraton

A

Evaporation from the leaves creates negative pressure or tension which pulls water up from the roots

18
Q

Stages of Casparian Strip?

A

Root Hair -> Plasma Membrane -> Epidermis -> Cortex -> Endodermis -> Vascular Cylinder -> Vessels (Xylem)

19
Q

What Makes Up a Leaf Cross Section?

A
  • Upper Epidermis (Top)
  • Mesophyll (Middle) (Palisade & Spongy)
  • Lower Epidermis (Bottom)
20
Q

The Rate of Transpiration is Controlled by What?

A

Stomata

21
Q

What Does the Stomata Include?

A

o Stoma
o Guard Cells
o Epidermal Cell
o Nucleus
o Chloroplasts
o Thickened inner wall
o Cell Wall
o Vacuole

22
Q

What is Translocation?

A

Sugars are transported from sources to sinks via the phloem

23
Q

What are the Parts of Phloem?

A

o Sieve-tube member
o Nucleus
o Companion cell
o Sieve plate

24
Q

What is Phloem?

A

Living tissue in vascular plants that transports the soluble organic compounds made during photosynthesis

25
Q

What is Phototropism?

A

How plants bend. 1. detection of light 2. redistribution of auxin 3. cell elongation 4. bending towards the light ex:sunflowers

26
Q

What Plant Hormone Allow for Elongation Towards the Direction of Sunlight?

A

Auxin

27
Q

Why is self fertilization not desirable and how do plants prevent this from occurring? Make sure you provide examples with your answer.

A

For the sake of gene diversity. ex: monocots and dicots have different plants with specific reproductive parts, male or female, to prevent self fertilization.

28
Q

Farmers and gardeners often apply Fertilizer to improve plant growth. What are the three major components of such fertilizers? Explain which of these components are needed to produce each of the major biological molecules produced by plants?

A
  1. Nitrogen- formation of proteins, nucleic acids, chlorophyll
  2. Phosphorus- creation of nucleic acids, phospholipids, ATP
  3. Potassium- supports enzyme activation and osmotic regulation
29
Q

Describe and explain the distribution of stomata on Angiosperm leaves. Explain how stomata are opened and closed by the plant.

A

Distribution is abundant on the lower epidermis of the leaf to reduce water loss from direct sunlight and wind. Opening and closing are operated by guard cells. To open, light activation, ion uptake, osmotic water movement, turgor pressure occurs. To close, darkness of water stress, water loss, and flaccidity occurs.

30
Q

Mosses (bryophytes) have not achieved the widespread terrestrial success of angiosperms. Discuss how the anatomy and reproductive strategies of mosses limit their distribution.

A

These factors include their reliance on water for reproduction, lack of vascular tissue, and limited structural adaptations.

31
Q

Explain alternation of generations in angiosperms vs mosses.

A

In mosses, the gametophyte dominates, and reproduction is water-dependent, limiting their ecological range. In contrast, angiosperms are sporophyte-dominant, with reduced gametophytes and advanced reproductive strategies (e.g., seeds, flowers, pollinators) that enable widespread terrestrial success.

32
Q

Reproduction can be either asexual or sexual. Using specific examples describe how animals can reproduce asexually. Explain two evolutionary advantages of asexual reproduction. Also explain why sexual reproduction is advantageous and describe 2 prezygotic isolating mechanisms that prevent animals from interbreeding.

A

Asexual reproduction is efficient and rapid, ideal for stable environments, but it lacks genetic diversity. Sexual reproduction provides the genetic variability necessary for adaptation and long-term survival, although it requires more energy and effort. Prezygotic isolating mechanisms like temporal and behavioral isolation maintain species boundaries and prevent hybridization in animals.

33
Q

Explain why after death your muscles are initially flexible but then go stiff.

A
  1. ATP is still present in the cells
  2. ATP depletion
  3. Calcium accumulation
  4. Cross-bridge locking
34
Q

Which Skeletal system is the most advantageous in the following 2 ecosystems? Provide reasons for your choice and details of why the skeletal system is effective. a. Desert environments b. Aquatic environments.

A

a. exoskeleton
- water retention
- UV protection
- Structural support in sandy terrain
b. endoskeleton
- buoyancy support
- flexibility for swimming
- lightweight adaptations

General Biology 2 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions