Test 1

Question 1

What is an allele?

Answer 1

Different versions of the same genes in the same location on homologous chromosomes

Question 2

What is a gene?

Answer 2

Made up of DNA with a “recipe”

Question 3

What is a genotype?

Answer 3

Allele type specifically present

Question 4

What is a phenotype?

Answer 4

Physical expression of genotype

Question 5

what is a gene pool?

Answer 5

All different types of alleles that can be passed on

Question 6

What is important in making homologous chromosomes in prophase?

Answer 6

Crossing over

Question 7

What is a genomic species?

Answer 7

Group of individuals with the same genome

Question 8

What is a biological species?

Answer 8

Group of individuals that can breed together and have viable offspring

Question 9

What is the unifying concept in every part of biology?

Answer 9

Evolution

Question 10

What is evolution?

Answer 10

Change in the DNA of a group of individuals that results in increased reproductive success

Question 11

What has to lead to reproductive success?

Answer 11

Adaptations

Question 12

What are the 3 parts of evolution?

Answer 12

1. Genetic change in a species of a specific area
2. How many of your alleles can change the population
3. Level of reproductive success

Question 13

What is artificial selection?

Answer 13

When humans make a deliberate decision to change a species

Question 14

What is natural selection?

Answer 14

Individuals with alleles that enhance their fitness and genetic selection are more likely to pass those alleles on to their offspring

Question 15

What is the main mechanism of evolution?

Answer 15

Natural Selection

Question 16

What are the 3 tenants of natural selection?

Answer 16

1. Variations within a species are inheritable
2. Competition for resources from larger population of offspring an environment can support
3. Whatever make you the better competitor must also increase your fitness, and must be passed on genetically to your offspring.

Question 17

What is microevolution?

Answer 17

Small/minor changes within a species

Question 18

What is reproductive isolated mechanism (RIM)?

Answer 18

What stops an organism from breeding

Question 19

What is macroevolution?

Answer 19

Results in the development of completely new species

Question 20

What is allopatric speciation?

Answer 20

Occurs in geographically separate populations

Question 21

What is sympatric speciation?

Answer 21

Occurs without geographical separation, instead of speciation results from reproductive isolation

Question 22

What is punctuated equilibrium?

Answer 22

Species that remain relatively stable for extended periods and then progresses rapidly

Question 23

What does q^2 mean?

Answer 23

% of homozygous recessive individuals

Question 24

What does q mean?

Answer 24

Frequency of the recessive allele in the population

Question 25

What does p^2 mean?

Answer 25

% of homozygous dominant individuals

Question 26

What does p mean?

Answer 26

Frequency of the dominant allele in the population

Question 27

What does 2pq mean?

Answer 27

% of heterozygous individuals

Question 28

How to find q^2?

Answer 28

Recessives/total population

Question 29

How to find q?

Answer 29

Square root q^2

Question 30

How to find p?

Answer 30

1-q

Question 31

How to find p^2?

Answer 31

p^2 * p^2

Question 32

How to find 2pq?

Answer 32

2(p * q)

Question 33

What is speciation?

Answer 33

Evolution of a new species

Question 34

What is genetic drift?

Answer 34

The change in frequency of an existing gene variant in the population due to random chance

Question 35

What is stabilizing selection?

Answer 35

A type of natural selection that favors average or intermediate phenotypes over extreme phenotypes

Question 36

What is directional selection?

Answer 36

The change in a phenotype or genotype of a population in one direction away from the mean (average) in a particular environment over time

Question 37

What is disruptive selection?

Answer 37

Individuals with extreme traits for a characteristic are more fit than those with intermediate traits

Question 38

What is tissue?

Answer 38

Group of cells with a common structure and function

Question 39

What are the basic tissues?

Answer 39

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous

Question 40

What is an organ?

Answer 40

Made up of two or more types of tissues that together perform a specific task

Question 41

What is an organ system?

Answer 41

Consists of multiple organs that together perform one or more vital body functions

Question 42

What is an organism?

Answer 42

An individual living thing, consisting of one or more cells

Question 43

What is homeostasis?

Answer 43

Idea that organisms keep their internal environment the same

Question 44

What is a receptor?

Answer 44

Recognizes change (ex: skin sensing temperature)

Question 45

What is an integrator?

Answer 45

Organ of decision (ex: hypothalamus region in the brain)

Question 46

What is an effector?

Answer 46

Physically fixes the issue (ex: glands, blood vessels, muscles, etc)

Question 47

What is interstitial fluid?

Answer 47

Connector between communication with blood and cells. Meant to maintain homeostasis in cells. AKA plasma outside of blood vessels.

Question 48

What is negative feedback control?

Answer 48

Counteracts idea/actions and is how evolution can occur

Question 49

What is positive feedback control?

Answer 49

Promotes changes, makes things happen faster and/or stronger

Question 50

What is an example of the use of Oxytocin?

Answer 50

Child birth. Oxytocin causes contractions to happen.