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NU250 > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main functions of the skin

A

Protect and regulate

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2
Q

Another term for skin system

A

Integumentary system

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3
Q

True of false the skin is the largest organ

A

True

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4
Q

what layer is the epidermis

A

Outer layer

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5
Q

Where is the dermis found

A

Part of the skin as the inner layer. (has blood supply and follicles)

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6
Q

Primary function of the dermis is to do what

A

Add support and rigidity to the skin giving nutrients to epidermis via blood vessels

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7
Q

primary function of the epidermis

A

Protection of the body from outside antigens

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8
Q

Where in the skin are nerve and adipose tissue found?

A

subcutaneous layer which is under the dermis.

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9
Q

abbreviation for subcutaneous tissue

A

SQ

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10
Q

Purpose of the subcutaneous tissue

A

gives the body thermal regulation via adipose tissue with insulation and added protection.

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11
Q

how would you categorize skin infections

A

Based on the depth of the infection, the location as well as the sore they produce a culture will tell if it is a bacterial infection or viral.

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12
Q

Types of uncomplicated skin infections

A

Cellulitis, folliculitis, impetigo, furuncles, simple abscesses

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13
Q

How are most uncomplicated skin infections treated

A

usually, antibiotics alone cure this infection.

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14
Q

Impetigo

A

Most common in children highly contagious. reddish sores around the face that turn to a honey-colored crust after a week.

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15
Q

Furuncles

A

Boils

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16
Q

Folliculitis

A

Inflammation of hair follicles. Usually due to hot tubs or baseball caps.

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17
Q

Cellulitis

A

spreading infection of the skin of the dermis and SQ tissue layers. edema, inflammation, warm to touch, erythema.

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18
Q

What is the one of the classifications to be a complicated skin infection?

A

The depth of the infection reaches past the SQ into the fascia and muscle. Can have Necrotizing soft tissue

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19
Q

Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTI)

A

infection where part of the wound had dead tissue. This is a problem because this decaying tissue is perfect for bacterial growth.

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20
Q

What is one of the first treatments done with a complicated skin infection with NSTI?

A

Surgical debridement to remove all of the dead tissue to facilitate healing.

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21
Q

Do you have to act quick with NSTI?

A

Yes, if you don’t get rid of the decaying tissue the infection can spread so instead of a finger you can lose a hand.

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22
Q

infection of bacteria that reaches the blood stream

A

bacteremia

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23
Q

MRSA

A

methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus

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24
Q

How is MRSA primarily acquired

A

Community or healthcare acquired. while in the hospital.

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25
Q

Majority of MRSA cases are uncomplicated true or false?

A

True

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26
Q

Which bacteria is the primary for soft tissue infections gram positive or gram negative?

A

Gram positive bacteria
Such as staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pyogenes.

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27
Q

How do you get an infection with these bacteria if they live on your skin?

A

They are opportunistic infecting you when introduced with a break in the protection of the skin.

28
Q

What would you look at during an assessment of a skin infection

A

vital signs (tachycardia, change in LOC)
Labs WBC
establish baseline for skin
culture for ABx
nutritional status- how do they eat and how much.

29
Q

What kind of nutrition do you need to look for during an infection?

A

Protein as well as fluids
protein helps with tissue growth
fluid loss can happen with an open sore and needs to be increased.

30
Q

What are the basic labs drawn with an infection

A

CBC, serum electrolytes, c-reactive proteins.

31
Q

What does the lab value for C-reactive protein tell you?

A

this is a protein that you watch that can be a monitor for inflammation.

32
Q

What are the three ways to make a diagnosis of an infection?

A

Laboratory data,
biopsies such as needle or punch.
nasal swabs/ wound swab.

33
Q

What can an infection do to your blood pressure

A

the infection can lead to less fluid in the intravascular space causing hypotension.

34
Q

MRSA usually causes skin infections in the community what can it cause in a medical facility?

A

Sepsis, pneumonia, surgical site infections.

35
Q

What is the isolation for MRSA

A

Contact precautions, Gown, gloves, hand washing.

36
Q

What is the highest at risk population for MRSA

A

kids, prisoners, athletes, patients. Sharing of items such as hats or cups.

Direct contact so anything that is easily touched and shared.

37
Q

How does MRSA present itself?

A

Most of the time CA- MRSA is an uncomplicated skin infection. showing as an infection at the site of impaired skin integrity.
(Cellulitis, folliculitis, impetigo, abscess).

38
Q

Signs and diagnosis of MRSA

A

Like cellulitis redness, warmth, and swelling to area.
Need culture to tell MRSA

39
Q

How did MRSA become a thing?

A

Overuse or misuse of antibiotics not taking all led to a resistance in bacteria.

40
Q

Treatment for MRSA

A

elevation to help with the swelling.
Antibiotics to fight the infection.
keep area clean/ dry

41
Q

What should you always do with MRSA

A

Contact precautions
stop the spread

42
Q

What is the “big gun” antibiotic used for MRSA

A

Vancomycin
used only when SIRS is met to avoid VRSA

43
Q

What are some antibiotics that are used for MRSA

A

Bactrim
Clindamycin
Minocycline
Doxycycline
vancomycin

44
Q

Can folliculitis happen anywhere?

A

Yes this can happen to any hair follicle.

45
Q

What can folliculitis lead to if untreated?

A

Cellulitis, Furuncle, scaring, hair loss.

46
Q

What can Folliculitis be mistaken for?

A

Acne

47
Q

What is the common way to get folliculitis?

A

it is idiopathic. any sort of trauma to hair follicle.
Untreated hot tubs

48
Q

What are the two treatments for Folliculitis?

A

Bactroban as an ointment
Clindamycin 1% for body washes.

49
Q

How far does a Furuncle go into the skin?

A

In the dermis to the subcutaneous tissue where it forms an abscess.

50
Q

What is the treatment for a small Furuncle?

A

Moist heat

51
Q

Can a Furuncle occur anywhere with a hair follicle?

A

Yes it can occur anywhere with hair follicles mostly in areas with lots of friction.

52
Q

What does a Furuncle turn into?

A

Cellulitis, large abscess.

53
Q

What is the start of a Furuncle?

A

Always starts out as folliculitis.

54
Q

Where is cellulitis usually seen?

A

Extremities

55
Q

what are common causative agents for cellulitis

A

staphylococcus, group A streptococcus

56
Q

How is cellulitis seen in the clinical setting?

A

Hot warm to the touch.
tender, red, swollen
skin like an orange.
petechiae (from bleeding under the skin)

57
Q

endocarditis

A

infection of teh heart

58
Q

What are most cellulitis cases caused by?

A

Bacteria so they antibiotics.

59
Q

Why do you watch the trend of WBC as well as neutrophils?

A

To track infection and effectiveness of treatment.

60
Q

What are the common complications related to cellulitis?

A

Endocarditis
bacteremia
osteomyelitis
necrotizing fasciitis

61
Q

serious cellulitis infections can lead to NSTI what are the symptoms?

A

Grows rapidly
tissue death (necrosis)
quick changes in appearance
small painful lump
sweating, chills, fever.

62
Q

What to watch for in NSTI?

A

signs of sepsis.
immediate broad-spectrum antibiotics. (Clindamycin, penicillin)

63
Q

How many different kinds of fungal

A

2 kinds tinea/ candida

64
Q

Candida fungus

A

Yeast

65
Q

Dermatophytosis

A

tinea
aerobic fungi

66
Q

How can fungal infections present?

A

Skin rash
Skin lesions
Nail bed infection
Oral thrush

NU250 (8 decks)

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