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NU250 > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

RAAS

A

Renin angiotensin aldosterone system

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2
Q

What is the second leading cause of preventable death

A

Hypertension

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3
Q

Where does renin come from

A

Kidney

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4
Q

What is angiotensin 1

A

It is a weak vasoconstrictor
Part of the RAAS formed after angiotensinogen and renin form

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5
Q

What receptor is responsible for sensing pressure

A

Baroreceptors

Found in aorta and carotid

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6
Q

How do kidneys regulate blood pressure

A

Via retention or excretion of sodium and water by renin angiotensin aldosterone system

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7
Q

What is the recommended daily intake of sodium

A

1500 mg a day

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8
Q

What does aldosterone do

A

Retains water

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9
Q

What is the normal bmi

A

18-25

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10
Q

How do you calculate the cardiac output

A

Co= stroke volume x heart rate

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11
Q

What are some hormones that effect blood pressure

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine released by adrenal glands

Vasoconstriction and increase heart rate

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12
Q

What is a normal BP

A

120/80

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13
Q

What is considered elevated or pre hypertension

A

120-129/<80

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14
Q

Stage 1 hypertension

A

130-139/80-89

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15
Q

Stage 2 hypertension

A

Greater than 140/ >90

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16
Q

Hypertensive crisis

A

> 180/>120

17
Q

What are four main side effects from hypertension

A

Chronic vascular disease
Chronic kidney disease
Cerebral vascular disease (stroke)
Heart failure (hypertrophy in certain chambers)

18
Q

What are the two types of hypertension

A

Essential
Most common
Not caused by something else

Secondary
Caused by specific disease raising bp

19
Q

What can high blood pressure cause to the vessels

A

Micro tears leading to build up of plaques

20
Q

What is the recommended level for total cholesterol

A

less than 200mg/dl

21
Q

What would you like the LDL at

A

less than 100mg/dl

22
Q

What is the recommended level for HDL

A

greater than 40mg/dl

23
Q

What is the reason why LDL is considered the bad cholesterol

A

This will transport cholesterol through the blood stream releasing some to be engulfed by macrophages turning them in to foam cells which will blanket the vessel wall building up

24
Q

What is the main drug class used to treat hyperlipidemia

A

Statins

25
Q

What would you like your triglyceride levels to be

A

less than 150 mg/dl

26
Q

What is the main action of statins

A

They are stopping the synthesis of cholesterol from the liver.

27
Q

Are the risk factors of race/ ethnicity, activity level, obesity, smoking history, stress, diet and family history play a role in having hypertension?

A

Yes all those are risk factors for essential hypertension

Including being over age 60

28
Q

What are some risk factors for secondary hypertension

A

Pregnancy, kidney disease, Cushings disease( excessive glucocorticoids)
Medications, tumors

29
Q

What is one of the biggest overlooked health issue

A

Hypertension

Has no signs or symptoms that can be seen till too late.

30
Q

When assessing a patient with hypertension what do you asses for

A

History family and personal for risk factors for hypertension

Labs for compromised organ damage

Kidney insufficiency ( can cause kidney damage leading to increase in BUN as well as creatine)

31
Q

What signs and symptoms would be present in the case of extreme hypertension

A

Dizzy, headache, lightheaded, vision changes, fatigue, shortness of breathe, renal insufficiency.

32
Q

How many readings do you need before you can be classified as having hypertension as a medical issue

A

2 readings on two separate days

33
Q

EKG

A

Electrocardiogram

Reads the electrical impulses that the heart does to conduct contraction

34
Q

Echo

A

Echocardiogram

Looks at the volume during each contraction to see the chambers and stroke volume.

35
Q

What is the acronym for medication treatment of hypertension

A

ABCDD

36
Q

What does ABCDD stand for

A

A= ACE inhibitors
B= Beta blockers
C= Calcium channel blockers
D= Diuretics
D= Diet

NU250 (8 decks)

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