Diabetes Flashcards
What are the 3 ways glucose enters the blood stream
Breaking down of carbohydrates through digestion
Release of glycogen from muscles and liver cells
Gluconeogenesis newly created glucose in liver or kidney
What cells does the pancreas have
Alpha cells
Beta cells
What does beta cells release
Insulin
What does alpha cells say release
Glucagon
From the CDC how many adults over 18 have pre diabetes
84.1 million
33.9%
From the CDC how many people have diabetes
30 million
9.4%
What are the three main forms of diabetes
Type 1 (autoimmune issues creating insulin)
Type 2 (acquired during life resistance to insulin)
Gestational diabetes (during pregnancy when mother has high sugar levels)
How common is gestational diabetes
Happens in about 7% of pregnancy
Women will be at risk of type 2 within 15 years of birth
Most common cases of diabetes
Type 1 and type 2
90% of all cases
What are some factors that can cause diabetes
Chemical factors such as medication corticosteroids raise blood glucose levels
Genetic malfunction in cell function
Genetic malfunction in insulin action
Surgical removal or resection of pancreas
Genetic predisposition (Dutch hunger study) histone changes
Pancreatic trauma or infection
What is the formula for the anion gap
Anion gap= Na-(Cl+HCO3)
Sodium is about 90% of cations or positive ions in serum
Cl and bicarbonate are about 85% of anions in serum.
The more acidic the serum the larger the gap
Usually 12+or-4
