TEST #3 Flashcards
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ANAPHYLACTIC AND ANAPHYLACTOID AND THE TREATMENT FOR EACH
Anaphylactic shock- allergic reaction where cardiovascular collapse and hypotension are present
Anaphylactoid - A reaction were no sensitation is required or a non-IgE mediated reaction
Both have severe swelling to the upper and lower airways constriction of the bronchioles leakage of fluid from the capillaries and increase production of mucus.
The primary chemical mediator released is histamine
The two key categories of signs and symptom specifically indicate a severe anaphylactic reaction or airway and respiratory compromise and shock
Epinephrine is the drug of choice for treating a systematic allergic reaction. This medication is given by auto injector.
What is going on internally when someone goes into anaphylactic shock?
When an antigen enter the body it’s sets off an immune response. The immune system overestimates the danger of the allergent and produces a greater than necessary response. The response can be local that is a response isolated to one area or can be systemic producing effects throughout the body. The type of antibody that is produced specific to an anaphylaxis is immunoglobin E (IgE).
Epinephrine Auto-Injector
Epinephrine is used to treat patients suffering from severe allergic reactions known as anaphylaxis. Epinephrine is given by auto injector. This is a pre-filled single dose or multidose spring-loaded device that delivers a specific dose of Epinephrine when activated. An adult gets 0.3 and a pediatric gets .15.
What are the signs and symptoms of someone suffering with anaphylactic shock?
Hives are usually accompanied by severe itching when someone is dealing with an allergic reaction. Some other symptoms are tachycardia anxiety and swelling.
What are the side effects of nitroglycerin and when is it used?
Nitroglycerin is used to treat patients with diseases of the heart that involve partial blockage or spasm of coronary arteries. This medication comes as a tablet or spray and is administered under the tongue. Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator causing a reduction in a systematic circular resistance it reduces the workload of the heart.
What interventions are needed to take when someone is hypoglycemic?
Oral glucose is administered to the patient with a history of diabetes who is suspected of having a low blood level. It is absorbed in the mouth and through the intestines and eventually into the blood.
What is important to know when giving someone aspirin.
Aspirin is administered to a patient who is having chest discomfort or pain that is or may be related to the deficiency of oxygen getting to the heart. Do not administrate for its pain relief effects.
When is a bronchodilator used?
A bronco dilater causes the smooth muscle to relax leading to dilation of the bronchiole. This causes a decrease in airway resistance and it is commonly administered in one of two routes, a metered dose inhaler or a small volume nebulizer.
Compensatory shock and Decompensatory Shock
Compensatory Shock- The process which results in compensation for the decrease in pressure because the body can maintain a normal to near normal blood pressure and perfusion of the vital organs. The blood pressure may appear to be relatively normal however you might also know a narrow pulse pressure.
Decompensatory Shock- This is an advanced stage of shock in which the body compensatory mechanisms are no longer able to maintain a blood pressure and perfusion of the vital organs.
What is the main objective on treating someone with shock?
The manasurement of shock is geared to improving oxygennation of the blood and delivery of oxygen and glucose to the selves. This is done by securing and maintaining a patent airway, maintain adequate ventilation, establish and maintain adequate oxygenation, do not hyperventilate the shock patient, stop the bleeding, split fractures, do not remove and impaled object, maintain the body temperature, keep the patient in a supine position, rapidly transport the patient, consider ALS.
What is the AHA chain of Survival? Adult and Child
Adult: Immediate recognition and activation. Recognition that a person who is unresponsive and has no breathing has suffered cardiac arrest and immediate activation of the EMS system.
Immediate high-quality CPR. Rapid defibrillation
Child: Prevention off arrest
Early high-quality CPR
Rapid activation of EMS
How to use an AED on a drowning patient?
Remove the patient from the water to a dry and safe area and dry the chest before applying the pads. 
Steps on using an AED?
- Turn on AED
- Apply the pads
- Clear the patient for rhythm analysis
- Deliver a defibrillation id advised
Joules delivered in a Monophasic and Biphasic AED’s
Monophasic - energy of 200, 300, 360
Biphasic- 150-200
Apnea
Absence of breathing respiratory arrest
Bronchospasms
Spasm or constriction of the smooth muscle of the bronchi and bronchioles
Hypoxia
Reduced oxygen delivered to the tissues
Tachypnea
Hey breathing rate that’s faster than normal
Signs and symptoms of pulmonary embolism
Pulmonary embolism is a sudden blockage of blood flow through the pulmonary artery or one of its branches it is usually caused by a blood clot but it can be caused by an air bubble a fat particle.
The signs and symptoms depend on the size of the obstruction the most common symptom is dyspnea And the most common signs are tachycardia and tackypnea. Another sign is deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
What instructions with an EMT give a person using SVN?
- Shake for 30 seconds
- Instruct the patient to inhale slowly and deeply for about five seconds. Depress the canister
- Instruct the patient to hold their breath for 10 seconds or longer
- Instructed patient to exhale through pursed lips.
What is the purpose of the spacer on an MDI
It prevents the aerosol in the chamber from clearing on exhalation. It helps improve medication deposition In the lower airways decreases medication waste and requires less hand breath coordination.
Which organization published recommended guidelines for securing and tracking ambulances?
The national Association of emergency medical technicians (NAEMT)
What steps an ambulance driver should take to decrease the chance of being involved in an accident
Go to posted speed limit unless the situation is critical. If you cross an against the light come to a complete stop and proceed only when traffic is clear and appropriately stopped.
How to drive an ambulance with lights on
Always activate emergency lights When responding to emergency calls.
Steps to take when using a helicopter to respond to a scene
Set up a 60 x 60 for day landings and 100 x 100 for night.
Never point spotlights up to helicopter that is on final approach at night.
Never approach a helicopter from behind.
Simple access
Simple access is access in which tools are not required to remove patient
How to deal with electrical wires when responding to a scene
Always assume a downed powerline is electrically alive
Request special assistance from your local electric service company
Different vehicle posts?
Windshield post A, Between driver and passenger door post B, and rear window post C
Three types of hazmat specialties and their duties
First responder awareness- Train to recognize a problem but are not expected to take any other ash then call the proper authorities
First responder operations- Trained to respond to hazardous material emergencies. Trained to use special personalized protective equipment to help stop spreading
Hazardous material technician- Extensive level of training to plug patch or stop hazardous material release
Hazardous material specialist- Advance knowledge and skills. Provide command and support in an emergency
What information needs to be on PCR (5 RIGHTS)
The right patient, the right medication, the right route, the right dose, the right time.
Report any changes in the patient’s condition and report whether the signs and symptoms have been relieved. Also report any side effects with drugs administered.
When and why should you use an AED?
An AED should be applied only to patients who are pulseless, Not breathing or unresponsive. It is intended for non-traumatic cardiac arrest patients.
The steps to follow when a patient has Dyspnea
Make sure the airways open, make sure that there is no blockage in the airway, Administer oxygen
COPD SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
Shortness of breath, wheezing, tightening in the chest, Mucus, and frequent respiratory infections.
Bronchodilators side effects
Tachycardia, Shakey feeling
What is albuterol used for and what are the side effects
It is used by asthma patients. It relaxes the smooth muscles in your airway when dealing with an asthma attack. Some of the sideside effects of albuterol is tachycardia. It may also raise your blood pressure
What are the 12 steps in the patient assessment
- PPE
- Make sure the scene is safe
- Mechanism of injury or nature of illness
- Number of patients
- Additional resources needed
- C-SPINE
- General impression of patient
- Is the patient alert/conscious APVU
- Chief complaint/life-threatening injuries
- Airway/BREATHING
- Circulation
- IS TRANSPORT NEEDED
