Test 2 - Virology L5 seminar

Question 1

Wymień 3 human pathogens of poxviruses:

Answer 1

molluscum contagiosum, monkeypox, variola virus (small pox)

Question 2

Wymień 5 największych plag

Answer 2

1. smallpox
2. measles
3. spanish flu
4. black death
5. Hiv/ AIDS
6. Plaque of Justinian

Question 3

Vaccina led to the discovery of…

Answer 3

tanscriptase and reverse transcriptase in RNA viruses and structure of 5’ cap and 3’ poly A of cellular mRNA

Question 4

WYmień RNA viruses

Answer 4

poxvirus, herpesvirus, adenovirus, warts virus, parvovirus

Question 5

Wymień DNA viruses

Answer 5

influenza virus, rotavirus, mumps virus, rabies virus, HIV (AIDS virus), LCM virus, polio virus, corona virus (common cold), eastern equine encepthalitis virus

Question 6

What is endocytosis good for?

Answer 6

• Sampling of environment
• Nutrient uptake
• Receptor clearance/down-­‐regulation
• Synaptic function: vesicle recycling
• Signalling
• Immune Sampling and clearance: Pathogens/cell debris/dead cells etc.

Question 7

What is Endocytosis?

Answer 7

Process by which extracellular particles or solutes are internalized by the cell in membrane bound compartments.

Question 8

Jak Virusy Respond to cellular cues:

Answer 8

• pH (acidification for fusion)
• Cellular proteases (cleavage for activation or fusion)
• Reducing environments (structural rearrangements)
• Movement brings virus closer to where it wants to drop off its genome

Question 9

What is macropinocytosis good for?

Answer 9

• Nutrient uptake (growth factors)
• Immune sampling (Dendritic cells and macrophages)
• Clearance of “large” debris (apoptotic cells and bodies)

Question 10

What sets it apart?

Answer 10

• Involves uptake of large amounts of fluid and larger particles
• Large uncoated irregular primary endocytic vesicles
• Involves protrusion of the plasma membrane (not like invagination, so it involves cytoskeleton)
• Actin mediated process
• Stimulation is systemic (entire cell responds)

Question 11

Macropinocytosis-

Answer 11

Cell drinking

Question 12

przypomnienie

Answer 12

Endosomes are very dynamic…

All of this is in preparation for fusion with lysosomes

• Loss of recycling receptors
• Gradual pH drop (helps to activate specific proteases or enzymes)
• Exchange of Rab subsets (Rab5 to Rab7 and LAMP1)
• Exchange of PtdIns (PtdIns(3)P to PtdIns(3,5)P2)
• Movement toward cell center