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AAD 201 > Test 2: Terms > Flashcards

Test 2: Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Transubstantiation

A

The change by which the substance (though not the appearance) of the bread and wine in the Eucharist becomes Christ’s Real Presence

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2
Q

Titulus

A

An “inscription” is a term used for the labels or captions naming figures or subjects in art, which were commonly added in classical and medieval art

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3
Q

Baptistery

A

A hall or chapel situated close to, or connected with, a church, in which the sacrament of baptism is administered.

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4
Q

Cathedra

A

The cathedra was used in the early Christian basilica as a raised bishop’s throne placed near the wall of the apse, behind the altar. Origin of Cathedral

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5
Q

Martyria

A

A place housing remains of a Christian Martyr

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6
Q

Nave

A

Extends from the Narthex to the Trancepts or Chancel. Central Aisle.

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7
Q

Chancel

A

Portion of a church containing the choir.

Exclusively for clergy and choir members.

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8
Q

Transcept

A

The transverse part of a cruciform church, crossing the nave at right angles.

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9
Q

Ambulatory

A

Continuation of the aisle on the sides of the nave and continuing around the apse or chancel.

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10
Q

Narthex

A

Enclosed porch

Usually Colonnaded or Arcaded.

Crossing the width of the church at the entrance.

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11
Q

Choir

A

The area of a church designed to accommodate the liturgical singers

located in the chancel between the nave and the altar.

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12
Q

Pendentive

A

A triangular segment of a spherical surface, filling in the upper corners of a room, in order to form, at the top, a circular support for a dome.

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13
Q

Spolia

A

Re-used buliding material.

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14
Q

3 Laws of the Mosque

A
  1. Community- for assembly for prayer
  2. Enclosure
  3. Directionality
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15
Q

Six Architectural elements of a Mosque

A
  1. Surrounding wall
  2. Open courtyard for assembly
  3. Column hall( prayer hall)
  4. Center of (hauz) for ablutions for purification rituals
  5. Minrab - niche toward mecca
  6. Tower/minaret that faces towards east
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16
Q

Mohammed

A

Died 632AD

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17
Q

Jihad

A

Holy War. A religious duty of Muslims.

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18
Q

Caliph

A

Head of state or Islamic Ruler

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19
Q

Ablutions

A

Ritualistic washing of oneself.

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20
Q

Sahn

A

Large open courtyard in Islamic architecture.

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21
Q

Hauz

A

A stepwell or tank, as built in India and many parts of Central Asia.

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22
Q

Minrab

A

A semicircular niche in the wall of a mosque that indicates the direction of the Kaaba in Mecca and hence the direction that Muslims should face when praying.

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23
Q

Minbar

A

A pulpit in the mosque where the imam (prayer leader) stands to deliver sermons.

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24
Q

Minaret

A

Tall spire, usually free-standing, in an Islamic Mosque.

Used primarily for call to prayer.

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25
Q

Characteristic elements include muqarnas, horseshoe arches, voussoirs, domes, crenellated arches, lancet arches, ogee arches, courtyards, and decorative tile work

A

Moorish Architecture:

Muslims…sebass

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26
Q

Horseshoe Arch

A

Arches resembling the shape of horseshoes.

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27
Q

Polylobed Arch

A

This shit bro ->

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28
Q

Chaitya

A
  1. Originally, a tumulus.
  2. Later, a Buddhist sanctuary, shrine or place of religious worship. A hall for assembly.
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29
Q

Vihara

A

A Buddhist or Jain monastery in Indian architecture.

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30
Q

Stupa

A

A Buddhist memorial mound

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31
Q

Circumambulatory Path

A

Path around a stuppa

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32
Q

Harmika

A

tree thing on top of a stupa

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33
Q

Brahma

A

The Hindu god of creation.

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34
Q

Vishnu

A

Hindu. The Supreme God of Hinduism. The all-pervading essence of all beings.

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35
Q

Shiva

A

Hindu. “The Destroyer” or “the Transformer.”

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36
Q

Lakshmi

A

The Hindu Goddess of wealth, prosperity (both material and spiritual), fortune, and the embodiment of beauty. She is wife of Vishnu.

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37
Q

Parvati

A

The second consort of Shiva, the Hindu God of destruction and rejuvenation.

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38
Q

Durga/Kali

A

Hindu. “The inaccessible” or “the invincible”; Durga is the most popular incarnation of Devi. Goddess associated with empowerment.

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39
Q

Ganesh

A

Hindu. The remover of obstacles, the patron of arts and sciences and the deva of intellect and wisdom.

40
Q

Mount Meru

A

A sacred mountain considered to be the center of all the physical, metaphysical and spiritual universes.

41
Q

Gopura

A

The entrance gateway to a Hindu temple enclosure.

42
Q

Vimana

A

A temple or palace, or even a mythological flying palace.

43
Q

Shikhara

A

The rising tower where the presiding deity is enshrined is the most prominent and visible part of a Hindu temple.

44
Q

Nagara Type Vs. Dravida Type

A

Both are intended to lead from the temporal world to the eternal. But the Dravida type has a court yard before its tower.

45
Q

Amaterasu

A

A part of the Japanese myth cycle and also a major deity of the Shinto religion. She is the goddess of the sun, but also of the universe.

46
Q

Torii

A

A traditional Japanese gate most commonly found at the entrance of or within a Shinto shrine, where it symbolically marks the transition from the profane to the sacred.

47
Q

Shoden

A

A school of Japanese swordsmanship.

48
Q

Three styles of the Medieval Period in Western Europe

A
  1. Carolingian
  2. Romanesque
  3. Gothic
49
Q

Carolingian Characteristics

A
  1. Geometric patterns
  2. Grid system instead of orders system
  3. Doesn’t follow proportion system
50
Q

Three Characteristics of Romanesque

A
  1. Blind arcading
  2. Transverse arch
  3. Reappearance of the vault nave.
51
Q

Three Roman Classifications

A
  1. Large size
  2. Geometrical order
  3. Classical details
52
Q

Three Faces of English Gothic

A

Early: 1220-1260
Decorated: 1321-1337
Perpendicular: 1337-1367

53
Q

Ribbed Vault

A

The intersection of two or three barrel vaults produces a rib vault or ribbed vault when they are edged with an armature of piped masonry often carved in decorative patterns

54
Q

Impost Block

A

a projecting block resting on top of a column or embedded in a wall, serving as the base for the springer or lowest voussoir of an arch.

55
Q

Blind Arcading

A

An arcade that is composed of a series of arches that has no actual openings and that is applied to the surface of a wall as a decorative element.

56
Q

Transverse Arch

A

An arch whose span is at right angles to the length of a vaulted space.

57
Q

Arched Tympanum

A

A semi-circular or triangular decorative wall surface over an entrance, bounded by an arch.

58
Q

Compound Pier

A

A feature of a nave arcade designed for the support of arches and to bring arch and pier into harmony. Cross-shaped in section, with shafts placed in the recesses.

59
Q

Archivolt

A

Composed of bands of ornamental moldings surrounding an arched opening.

60
Q

Lombard Screen Façade

A

facade which is so highly decorated with sculpture or other decorative elements that it acts as a screen placed in front of the facade. It may seem to hide the face of the building from view.

61
Q

Campanile

A

A bell tower.

62
Q

Polychromy

A

The use of many colors in decoration.

63
Q

Three Forms of Gothic Architecture

A
  1. Skelentized walls
  2. Verticality
  3. Transformation of light through color( stain Glass)
64
Q

Rayonnant Style

A

The middle phase of French Gothic architecture in the 13th and 14th cent., characterized by radiating lines of tracery.

65
Q

Skeletontinized walls

A

Light with tons of windows for the divine light to come through. This where they paired the walls the walls to a minimum for windows to take precedents.

66
Q

Verticality

A

Obsession to drive for high ceilings to get closer to god. This was where they went from regular arches to pointed arches.

67
Q

Transformation of Light through color

A

Lancet and rose windows took their place. Jewel toned glass-stained glass windows. Give an outer worldly feel.

68
Q

Gothic Structural Innovations

A
  1. Ribbed vault
  2. Pointed arch
  3. Flying buttress
69
Q

Flying Buttress

A

A mass of masonry built against a wall to resist the pressure of an arch or vault. A flying buttress is an arch starting from the detached pier and abutting against a wall to take the thrust of the vaulting.( Sir Banister)

70
Q

Pointed Arch

A

Any Arch with a point at its apex, characteristics of but not confined to Gothic Architecture. (Harris)

71
Q

Chevet

A

Elaborate design of the area around the altar, adding a curved ambulatory behind it and constructing a series of apses or small chapels radiating from the ambulatory.

72
Q

Tribune

A

Elected officials in the Roman Republic with the power to convene the Plebeian Council, act as their president, and propose legislation before it.

73
Q

Gargoyle

A

A waterspout projecting from the roof gutter of a building, often carved grotesquely.

74
Q

Lancet

A

Tall, narrow window with a pointed arch at its top.

75
Q

Mullion

A

An upright that divides windows or other openings set in a series.

76
Q

Rose Window

A

circular window divided into segments by stone mullions and tracery

77
Q

Tracery

A

A pattern of curvilinear stonework elements within the upper part of a medieval window or screen.

78
Q

Wall Buttress

A

Structure build directly against a wall for support

79
Q

Tierceron Vault

A

A vault consisting of unnecessary ribs all transverse in nature, often intersecting a ridge rib.

80
Q

Ogee arch

A

An s-shaped double curve consisting of a concave and a convex part.

81
Q

Fan Vault

A

A vault in which the ribs are all of the same curve and spaced equidistantly, in a manner resembling a fan.

82
Q

Stone Tracery

A

Appears like a glass cage for a window.

83
Q

Window types

A
  1. Lancet
  2. Rose window
84
Q

St. Augustine’s City of God

A

A book he wrote to explain Christianity’s relationship with competing religions and philosophies, as well as its relationship with the Roman government.

85
Q

Mendicant Friars

A
  • begged for food
  • mission for the poor
  • reforming the church to a more simplistic approach to life
86
Q

Mendicant Churches

A

Two different orders of this style of church:
• Franciscan
• Dominican

Characteristics of these churches:
• usage of decorative stone
• colored stone
• polychromic details
• more practical people

87
Q

Town Hall

A

A symbol of town pride.

New Medieval building type:
• a bell tower/campanile
• second floor meeting for council hall
• a plaza in the front façade
• a speaker balcony- stair/landing/balcony
• loggia

88
Q

Palazzo Pubblico

A

Civic hall

89
Q

Rathaus

A

German word meaning “council house”, “town halls”, “city halls”, or “guildhalls”.

90
Q

Hotel De Ville

A

The building housing the city’s local administration in Paris, France.

91
Q

Loggia

A

a gallery or corridor at ground level, sometimes higher, on the façade of a building and open to the air on one side, where it is supported by columns or pierced openings in the wall.

92
Q

Corbeled Vault

A

Offsetting successive layers of stone/brick at the springline of the walls until they meet in the middle, each supporting the layer above.

93
Q

Roof Comb

A

A wall along the ridge of a roof; used to give an appearance of additional height.

94
Q

Three zones of Mayan Culture

A
  1. central location/ceremonial plaza
  2. outer/agricultural land
  3. zone in between/ houses( sporadic random pattern of clusters instead of stone/derived from huts but increasing towards the central area)
95
Q

Characteristic of Mayan Culture

A
  • scattered planning
  • no geometrical planning or order
  • no alignment to north and south
  • growth not expected
  • close to the plaza on North and east
  • gradual fluid planning
  • bounded by pattern of courtyards
  • built higher up into the canopy of the forest
  • ideals were to be closer to the gods
  • Quasi concrete construction
  • stone roofs
  • carved motifs of gods
96
Q

Temple Usages

A
  • human sacrifices to the gods
  • ceremony to cut heart out of sacrificial sacrifice and peel their skin off to dry and put their skull on skull rack
  • sequence use
  • unity
  • formal use
  • temples were locked views
  • no obvious geometric pattern
97
Q
A

AAD 201 (12 decks)

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