Test 1: Buildings Flashcards
Oval Temple
Khafaje, Mesopotamia (Iraq); c. 2650 BCE
Walls of Jericho
Jericho, Jordan Neolithic era; c. 8-7000 BCE
Significance: First known man made structure. Had battered wall.
Important
Essay
White Temple of Anu
Uruk; Sumerian; c. 3400-3000 BCE
Significance: It is an iconic example of a Summerian temple.
Essay: They used brick. Used battered walls and buttressing to lessen load. Built on top of a ziggarot in order to be closer to god, shakura (waiting room) was temple at top. Built not for public ceremonies, but for rituals in which only a select few would act as intermediaries to the gods. Kings & priests “waited” to commune with gods.
Ziggurat of Ur Nammu
Ur, Mesopotamia (Iraq); Sumerian; c. 2100 BCE; patron, King Ur-nammu
City of Mohnejo-Daro
Modern Pakistan; Indus Valley civilization; c. 1700 BCE
Significance: First orthogonally planned city.
Important
Funerary Complex of King Djoser
Saqquara, Egypt; c. 2680 BCE; architect Imhotep, first Egyptian momumental architecture in stone.
Significance:
- Earliest example of stone architecture
- first tenetive use of columns
- first use of windows
- all designed by Imhotep.
“The” Pyramids and the Great Sphinx
Giza, Egypt; c. 2570-2500 BCE; patrons Cheops, Chefern and Mykerinos
Important
Funerary Complex of Mentuhotep II
Dier el Bahari, Egypt; c. 2050 BCE, innovative new design.
Significance: The first to shift the focus of the complex to the gods rather than hiswon tomb.
Important
Essay
Funerary Complex of Queen Hatshepsut
Dier el Bahari, Egypt; 1503-1482 BCE; architect Senmut. inovative new design.
Significant: First woman pharoah. She’s also a caniving bitch and theif. tomb was small. temples to gods were big. Sphinx’s lining the expansive terraces. She used a Senumut, the earthly palace for the gods. had gardens, frees, ponds; meant to represent the Garden of Eden. No pyramids, a shift of enclosed to linear open space.
Temple of Amon-Re
Luxor, Egypt; 1470-1250 BCE; multiple patrons
Important
Maison Carrée
France, 1st c. BCE, Archetypal example of a Roman temple.
Important
Ishtar Gate
Mesopotamia (Iraq); c.600 BCE; patron, Nebuchadnezzar II. Neo-babylonian
Important
Temple of Apollo at Didyma
Turkey, 4th c BCE, Iconic example of hellenistic sacred space.
Important
Essay
The Pantheon
Italy; 120-127 AD/ 2nd c.; patron Hadrian
Significance: Sacred, temple. Lighting effects through oculus/highly dramatic/interior spotlight. Rotunda. Axial approach. Temple to many deities. Ultimate example and symbol of Imperial architecture.
Important
Temple of Hera II
Paestum, 450 BCE/ 5th c., structurally innovative.
Important
Erechtheion
400 BCE, athens, hellenic period
Important
A bouleterion
Miletus, 2nd c. BCE, Archetypal example of a council house.
Important
An Etruscan temple
25 BCE, Autor of description was Vitruvius, had a significant influence on the form of the Roman temple.
Important
Temple of Athena Nike
Athens, 5th c. BCE,
Important
Essay
Ishtar Gate, Ziggurat of Entemenanki/Marduk
Mesopotamia (Iraq); c.600 BCE; patron, Nebuchadnezzar II, babylonian.
Significance: Temple at top to reach gods.
Important
Temple of Hera I
Italy, 2nd c. BCE, structurally innovative
Important
Theater at Epidauros
350 BCE, Epidauros, Hellenistic Period
Important
Essay
Site plan of Sanctuary of Apollo
Delphi, 5th c. BCE,
Significance: believed to be the center of the world, pilrims flocked from accross world to visit Apollo for advice in exchange for a sacrafice. Raised on a hill
Important
Essay
Pyramid of Chefren
Giza, Egypt; c. 2570-2500 BCE; patron Chefern
Significance: Used Stone. It was a barial tomb and storage of good for the pharoh for AFTERLIFE. Built large and hard to navagate in oder to prevent looting. To preserve mummified body, if anything removed, ruins afterlife.
Important
Essay
Acropolis of Athens
Athens, 5th c. BCE
Erechtheion; c. 421-405 BCE
Temple of Athena Nike; c. 427-424 BCE
Parthenon; 447-438 BCE; architects Kallikrates and Iktinos
Significance: Built high on a mountain to be closer to gods. Every four years a procession traveled through the city via the Panathenaic Way and culminated on the Acropolis. a new robe was placed on either the statue of Athena. traveled up around to the front of the Parthanon.
Important
Theater at Priene
Greece, c. 3rd century BCE (Hellenistic), iconic example of helenistic theater.
