Test 2 Study Vs. B Flashcards by Bree Reppy

form of ARS w dose range of 2-10 Gy

hematopoietic syndrome

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form of ARS w dose range of 10-50 Gy

GI syndrome

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form of ARS w dose range above 50 Gy

CNS syndrome

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min dose to cause LD 50/60?

350 rads

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ARS dose-response relationship?

nonlinear, threshold

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avg T btw exposure & death

mean survival time

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min dose to cause erythema?

3 Gy

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erythema/radiodermatitis dose-response relationship?

nonlinear, threshold

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____ rad results in temporary sterility?

200 rad

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____ rad results in permanent sterility?

500 rad

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rad induced chromosome aberrations result in what kind of dose-response relationship?

non-threshold

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threshold dose for cataracts?

200 rad

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humans can lose ___ days for every ___ of rad received

10; 1 rad

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leukemia dose-response relationship?

linear, non-threshold

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leukemia latency period?

4-7 yrs

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leukemia at risk period?

20 yrs

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amount of rad that causes the no. of mutations in a pop. to double

doubling dose

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dose-response relationship of single-hit aberrations?

linear, non-threshold

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dose-response relationship of multi-hit aberrations?

nonlinear, non-threshold

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traditional unit of exposure in air

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SI unit for exposure in air

c/kg

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how do you convert traditional unit of air exposure to SI unit?

(R –> c/kg)

multiply 2.58 x 10^ -4

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traditional unit of absorbed dose?

rad

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SI unit of absorbed dose?

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convert traditional unit of absorbed dose to SI unit?

(rad --> Gy) | divide by 100

energy transfer of 100 ergs per gram of an absorbing material

rad

energy transfer of 1 joule per kg of irradiated material

KERMA?

kinetic energy released in matter

traditional unit of DE?

rem

SI unit of DE?

what relationship does LET & SI have?

direct

the rate at which energy is deposited in the form of a charged particle or ion pairs as it travels through matter

LET

the no. of ion pairs produced per unit of distance traveled (1 cm)

specific ionization (SI)

________ is used when the focus is the rate of energy loss by radiation

____________ & __________ have high LET & SI

alpha & beta particles

___________ & ___________ have low LET & SI

XR & gamma rad

SI for XR?

SI for gamma rad?

SI for beta rad?

100

SI for alpha rad?

2500

what does it mean to say that alpha particles have a Q of 20?

alpha particle cause 20 x's more damage per rad than XR's (w Q of 1)

what does it mean to say that alpha particles have an SI of 2500?

alpha particles cause 2500 x's more ionization per mm than XRs (w SI of 1)

does having a higher SI mean that it has more energy?

no, it only means that it loses their energy into tissue faster

1 Sv = ? rem

100 rem

1 Sv = ? Gy

1 Gy

convert traditional unit of DE to SI unit

(rem --> Sv) | divide by 100

the quantity of any ionizing radiation that has the same biologic effectiveness of 1 rad of XRs

rem

traditional unit of occupational exposure?

rem

SI unit of occupational exposure?

Q of XR?

Q of gamma?

Q of beta?

Q of protons?

Q of neutrons (<10 KeV)?

Q of fast neutrons?

Q of alpha particles?

formula for equivalent dose?

rad x radiation weighting factor (Wr)

formula for effective dose?

rad x Wr x Wt (tissue weighting factor)

used to describe rad exposure of a pop. from low doses of diff. sources of ionizing rad.

collective equivalent dose

formula for collective equivalent dose?

(avg effective dose of an indiv. from the exposed pop.) x (no. of persons exposed)

traditional unit for radioactivity?

SI unit for radioactivity?

The Ci is ____________ disintegration per sec. of any radioactive substance

3.7 x 10^10

the Bq is ______ decay per sec. of any radioactive substance

all hematopoietic cells develop from a single type of stem cell called the

pluripotential stem cell

most radiosensitive cell in the hematopoietic system?

lymphocyte

most radiosensitive cell in the male stem cell?

spermatogonia

most radiosensitive cell in the female stem cell?

oocyte

least radiosensitive cell in hematopoietic system?

erythrocyte (RBC)

represents severe damage to the DNA

a chromosome hit

chromosome aberrations are difficult to observe at doses less than?

10 rad

only _________ aberrations occur at very low doses

single-hit

multi-hit aberrations are more frequent w rad doses above?

100 rad

multi-hit aberrations are most significant in terms of?

latent damage/effects

early rad responses can be described as?

deterministic

most early rad responses follow a ______ type dose-response relationship

threshold

ARS stage after a whole-body dose of > 100 rad?

prodromal period

ARS stage after a whole-body dose of 100-10,000 rad ?

latent period

survival T for hematologic syndrome?

10-60 days

survival T for GI syndrome?

4-10 days

survival T for CNS syndrome?

0-3 days