Test 2 Revision Flashcards
What are intervertebral discs also known as?
zygapopheseal joints, apophyseal joints and facet joints
What is the normal curve of the lumbar spine called?
Lordosis
What is largely responsible for the shape of the lumbar curve?
intervertebral disc deeper anteriorly
What is the lumbosacral angle?
angle between a horizontal plane and the inclination of the first sacral segment
Latissimus dorsi is a _____ of the humerus?
extensor, medial rotator and adductor
Is the long head of triceps brachii a one joint muscle?
No
Is the long head of biceps brachii attached to the coracoid process?
No
What action does teres minor have on the humerus at the shoulder?
extensor and lateral rotator
What nerve supplies the deltoid muscle?
axillary nerve
What is the main action of both splenis capititis and cervicis?
extension of the head and the neck
Where are the muscles with the term capitis found?
Found within/ attached to the head
Where do scalenes have their origin?
on the transverse and costal processes of the cervical vertebrae
Rotators are well developed in which region of the vertebral column?
thoracic
Which movement is limited by the anterior longitudinal ligament?
extension
what muscle doesn’t compress the abdomen?
serratus anterior
Does rupture of the right alar ligament result in an increased range of movement to the right side?
No
What muscle flexes the vertebral column?
Rectus abdominis
What are the spinous process of the upper thoracic vertebrae the origin of?
rhomboid major + trapezius
Which muscle of the back extends and medially rotates the humerus?
Latissimus dorsi
What is teres minor supplied by?
the axillary nerve
What is the latissimus dorsi supplied by?
the thoracodorsal nerve
What is teres major supplied by?
the lower subscapular nerve
What is infraspinatus supplied by?
subscapular nerve
What are the rhomboids supplied by?
the dorsal scapular nerve
What is pectoralis minor supplied by?
the medial pectoral nerve
What is serratus anterior supplied by?
long thoracic nerve
What is the most likely antagonist for the rhomboids?
serratus anterior
What is the most likely antagonist for teres major?
teres minor
What is the most likely antagonist for pectoralis minor?
lower fibres of the trapezius
What is the most likely antagonist for serratus anterior?
rhomboids
Is the long head of triceps brachii a one joint muscle?
No
Does the long head of biceps brachii attach to the coracoid process?
No
Is teres minor a lateral rotator and extensor of the humerus at the shoulder?
Yes
What does lumbar stenosis refer to?
Refers to narrowing of the vertebral (spinal) canal in one or more of the lumbar vertebrae
Is the posterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia the thickest, as compared to the anterior and middle layers of the fascia?
Yes
What do the secondary spinal curves help with?
Help to position the body weight over the legs
What does the posterior longitudinal ligament do in terms of herniation?
The ligament which prevents the posterior herniation of the nucleus pulposus
What muscle is situated between the middle and the posterior layers of the thoracolumbar fascia?
The erector spinae
Does biceps brachii get innervation from the radial nerve?
No
Is biceps brachii attached to the radial tuberosity?
Yes
What is the posterior interosseous nerve a branch of?
the radial nerve
What supplies the pronator quadratus muscle?
the interosseous nerve
Is flexor carpi ulnaris supplied by the median nerve?
No
Does brachialis attach to the ulnar tuberosity?
Yes
Do the auditory tubes open into the nasopharynx
Yes
Are the lips part of the upper respiratory system?
No
Is the oropharynx part of the lower respiratory system?
No
What contains the opening to the auditory tubes?
Nasopharynx
What contains ciliated pseudostratified epithelium?
Nasopharynx
What begins at the internal nares?
Nasopharynx
Does the trachea contain D-shaped cartilage?
No
Does the nasal mucosa dehumidify incoming air?
No
In quiet breathing does inspiration involve muscular contraction?
Yes
How many lobes does the right lung have?
3
How many lobes does the left lung have?
2
In quiet breathing does expiration involve muscular contraction?
No
Where does the left atrium receive blood from?
pulmonary veins
What prevents backflow to the atria
the AV valve
What prevents backflow to the ventricles?
The semilunar valves
What is the expandable outer portion of each atrium called?
auricle
What are expiratory movements produced by?
contraction of the internal intercostal muscles
TRUE OR FALSE
the cricoid cartilage can be felt in the neck and is commonly called the adam’s apple
false
What does the respiratory epithelium of the conducting airways consist of?
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
What are the right and left AV valves also called?
the tricuspid and bicuspid valve respectively
Are the coronary arteries branches of the superior vena cava?
No
What can contraction of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles do?
Move the arytenoid cartilages, close the glottis and stretch the vocal folds
What is the glottis the opening to?
the larynx
What are free edges of the AV valves attached to?
fibres called chordae tendinae
order of airflow starting at the bronchus
primary bronchus, secondary bronchus, bronchioles, terminal bronchiole, respiratory bronchiole, alveolar ducts and alveoli
What do secondary bronchi supply air to?
the lobes of the lungs
What is the site of gas exchange in the lungs?
Alveoli
What do the primary bronchi branch from?
the trachea at the carina
Where does the right atrium receive blood from?
the superior vena cava, coronary sinus and inferior vena cava
What type of blood leaves the right ventricle
deoxygenated blood (through a semilunar valve and enters the pulmonary trunk)
What does damage to the type II pneumocytes result in?
A loss of surfactant, increased surface tension in the alveoli and increased tendency to alveolar collapse
What happens the volume of thorax when the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract?
it increases
When blood is ejected from the heart is it pushed from the apex to the base?
yes
What are the right and left ventricles seperated by?
the anterior interventricular sulcus and posterior interventricular sulcus
How many chambers does the heart have?
4
How many valves does the heart have?
4
the first heart sound ‘lubb’ marks the point when?
the atrioventricular valves close
What is the airway that connects the larynx to the bronchial tree?
the trachea
What acts as the pacemaker of the heart?
The SA node, because these cells are the cells that depolarise and reach threshold first
do the conchae create turbulence in the air to trap particulate matter in mucus?
Yes
Tina is singing a song. At a certain point in the song she forces a large volume of air out of the glottis and at the same time increases the tension on her vocal cords . The sound that she produces is…
high pitched and loud
is the level of surfactant produced, important to the compliance of the lungs?
Yes
When does air move out of the lungs
When the pressure inside the lungs is greater than the pressure in the atmosphere
Is the pericardial sac lined by the visceral pericardium?
No
The palatine tonsils lie in the walls of the oropharynx, TRUE OR FALSE
true
Are the AV valves open or closed during ventricular filling?
open
Are the semilunar valves open or closed during ventricular filling?
closed
What are the primary muscles of inspiration?
external intercostal muscles.
Is abductor pollicis longus supplied by the median nerve?
No
What nerve is a branch of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus, that supplies the teres major?
lower subscapular nerve
Is anconaeus supplied by the posterior interosseous nerve?
No
What is the nerve that is most likely to be entrapped in the arcade of frosche is?
The posterior interosseous nerve
Is opponens pollicis supplied by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve?
No
Does the dorsal scapular nerve supply the trapezius?
No
Where does the cephalic vein drain into?
axillary vein
Is the superior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm a branch of the radial nerve?
No
What supplies the serratus anterior?
Long thoracic nerve
Movement of opposition at the first carpometacarpal joint is a combination of what movements?
a combination of the following: abduction, flexion and medial rotation of the 1st metacarpal at the carpometacarpal joint
